Clinical Medical Assisting

Infection Control and Asepsis

Infection Control and Asepsis

Infection Control

Infection Control
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infectioncontrol.html

Infection Control Today Magazine
http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/
Infection Control Today magazine delivers a comprehensive information and education platform for the infection prevention and healthcare epidemiology community.

Infection Control For General Orientation [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwpV1VWQANM

Difference Between Pathogens And Non Pathogens By Katherine Caldwell On Prezi
https://prezi.com/wtnneasthtie/difference-between-pathogens-and-non-pathogens/

Non-Pathogen Become Pathogenic?
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110315221441AAtwzZb
Under what conditions in the human body can a non-pathogen become pathogenic?

Pathogenic Microorganisms, Microorganisms And The Human Body, Small World (Microbiology), Science Year 9, Nsw | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia
http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-4_u-92_t-212_c-711/pathogenic-microorganisms/nsw/pathogenic-microorganisms/small-world-microbiology-/microorganisms-and-the-human-body
Pathogenic microorganisms, Microorganisms and the human body, Small world (Microbiology), Science, Year 9, NSW Introduction The previous chapter mentioned that different types of microorganisms interact with human bodies on a regular basis. They can be harmless, harmful or beneficial. Harmful microorganims are also called pathogenic.

Growth Requirements For Microorganisms
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/biology/microbiology/microbial-cultivation-and-growth/growth-requirements-for-microorganisms

Microbial Growth
http://www.lamission.edu/lifesciences/lecturenote/mic20/Chap06Growth.pdf

The Requirements For Growth
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/courses/bio225/chap06/Microbial%20Growth%20ss1.htm

Microbes And The Human Body
http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body/microbes-and-disease

Micro-organisms
https://www.le.ac.uk/se/centres/sci/selfstudy/eco7.htm

Bacterial Cellular Morphologies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cellular_morphologies

Medscape: Medscape Access
http://reference.medscape.com/article/968385-overview

Fungus Definition – Skin Problems Center: Medical Information On Skin Disorders
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3527
Information relating to skin problems including skin diseases and conditions, cosmetic surgery, medications, and treatment.

Protozoa: Structure, Classification, Growth, And Development
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8325/

Introducing Microbes – Protozoa
http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/protozoa

About Parasites
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/index.html
A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. Parasites can cause disease in humans.

What Is A Virus? What Is A Viral Infection?
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158179.php
A virus is a microorganism that cannot reproduce without a host cell. It inserts genetic material into the cell and takes over its function.

What Is The Chain Of Infection?
https://contagions.wordpress.com/2010/11/06/what-is-the-chain-of-infection/
The chain of infection is a way of gathering the information needed to interrupt or prevent an epidemic. Each of the links in the chain must be favorable to the organism for the epidemic to continue. Breaking any link in the chain can disrupt the epidemic.

6 Elements To The Chain Of Infection [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/23446427/6-elements-to-the-chain-of-infection-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for ELEMENTS TO THE CHAIN OF INFECTION. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Principles Of Epidemiology: Chain of Infection
http://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section10.html
This course covers basic epidemiology principles, concepts, and procedures useful in the surveillance and investigation of health-related states or events. It is designed for federal, state, and local government health professionals and private sector health professionals who are responsible for disease surveillance or investigation. A basic understanding of the practices of public health and biostatistics is recommended.

Occupational Safety And Health Administration
https://www.osha.gov/

Bloodborne Pathogens
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10051

Correctional Health Care Workers: Develop An Exposure Control Plan
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/correctionalhcw/plan.html

Overview Of System Components: Hazard Prevention And Control
https://www.osha.gov/safety-management/hazard-prevention

Personal Protective Equipment
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/learning/safetyculturehc/module-3/7.html

Correctional Health Care Workers: Encourage Your Workers To Report Exposures
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/correctionalhcw/encourage.html

Medical Asepsis

Sterile Procedures
http://nursing411.org/Courses/MD0540_Sterile_Procedures/2-01_Sterile_Procedures.html

Medical Asepsis [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/4826057/medical-asepsis-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Medical Asepsis. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Safety – Medical Asepsis/Infection Control
http://www.austincc.edu/jeanward/medical_asepsis/ls_med_asepsis.htm

What Are Normal Flora? Resident, Transient & Opportunistic Microbes
http://www.scienceprofonline.org/microbiology/what-are-normal-flora-resident-transient-opportunistic.html

Transient Skin Flora
http://www.bode-science-center.com/center/glossary/transient-skin-flora.html

Hand Washing Technique – WHO Approved [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYwypSLiaTU

Myriam Sidibe: The Simple Power Of Hand-Washing
https://www.ted.com/talks/myriam_sidibe_the_simple_power_of_hand_washing?language=en
Myriam Sidibe is a warrior in the fight against childhood disease. Her weapon of choice? A bar of soap. For cost-effective prevention against sickness, it’s hard to beat soapy hand-washing, which cuts down risk of pneumonia, diarrhea, cholera and worse. Sidibe, a public-health expert, makes a smart case for public-private partnerships to promote clean hands — and local, sustainable entrepreneurship.

6-Step Hand Cleaning Technique [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCVu_1d9AJ8

Infection Control- Gloves [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_ok9U11sUo

Hand Hygiene Saves Lives [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApeEkqoOgNE
Each year in the United States, patients get more than a million infections in the hospital while being treated for something else.

Hand Hygiene In Healthcare Settings
http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/
Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings provides healthcare workers and patients with a variety of resources including guidelines for providers, patient empowerment materials, the latest technological advances in hand hygiene adherence measurement, frequently asked questions, and links to promotional and educational tools published by the WHO, universities, and health departments.

Alcohol-Based Handrub Risks/Hazards
http://www.who.int/gpsc/tools/faqs/abhr2/en/

When To Use Hand Sanitizer | Handwashing: Clean Hands Save Lives
https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/about/hand-sanitizer.html

Surgical Asepsis

Surgical Asepsis – Definition Of Surgical Asepsis
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/surgical+asepsis

Surgical Asepsis
http://profstelmark.com/ppi/Surgical%20Asepsis%202.ppt

Aseptic Technique – Procedure, Blood, Removal, Time, Infection, Types, Risk, Definition, Purpose, Description
http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/A-Ce/Aseptic-Technique.html

Surgical Asepsis [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/13739463/surgical-asepsis-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Surgical Asepsis. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Disinfection & Sterilization Guideline
https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/disinfection-and-sterilization/index.html

5 Ways To Sterilize Medical Instruments
http://www.wikihow.com/Sterilize-Medical-Instruments

Surgical Instruments & Sterilization [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/1505289/surgical-instruments-sterilization-pg-399-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Procedure steps of Sanitizing Equipment for Disinfection or Sterilization. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Methods Of Sterilization
http://apps.who.int/phint/en/d/Jb/7.5.9.html

Autoclave Maintenance

Use And Maintenance Of An Autoclave
http://www.tbcare1.org/publications/toolbox/tools/sops/11_Autoclave.doc

Equs 3 Autoclave Maintenance [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e663MBhBgGo

How To Clean And Maintain Your Tuttnauer Automatic Autoclave [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-mTMr64PuE

How To Perform Monthly Maintenance On A Midmark M9/M11 Autoclave [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGPv9-4OFgY

Autoclave
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave

Sterilization – Monitoring
https://www.cdc.gov/dental-infection-control/hcp/summary/sterilization-disinfection.html

Autoclave Part 1 – Medical Assistant Skills Video #10 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyBpDjlLxVg

Autoclave Part 2 – Medical Assistant Skills Video #10 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZJUWhJGVUI

Preparing the Examination Room

Room Preparation

Preparing the Examination and Treatment Areas
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073520837/student_view0/chapter22/index.html

Preparing the Examination and Treatment Areas
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0073520837/589028/Chapter_22_Preparing_the_Examination_and_Treatment_Area.ppt

Ch 35 Review: Preparing the Exam and Treatment Areas [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/18934032/ch-35-review-preparing-the-exam-and-treatment-areas-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Preparing the Exam and Treatment Areas. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Access To Medical Care For Individuals With Mobility Disabilities
http://www.ada.gov/medcare_mobility_ta/medcare_ta.htm

ABCs of the Accessible Exam Room
http://www.midmark.com/docs/default-source/marketing-collateral/midmark_abcs_of_the_accessible_examroom.pdf

Making your office accessible for patients with mobility impairments
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3952762/

A Complete List of Medical Equipment Must Haves for Your New Exam Room
http://blog.hospitalassociates.net/a-complete-list-of-medical-equipment-must-haves-for-your-new-exam-room
These medical equipment must-haves will make your exam rooms ready for a wide diversity of patients and their particular medical needs.

Starting a practice
5-6 months out: Office design and supplies | Medical Economics
http://medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com/medical-economics/news/clinical/practice-management/starting-practice5-6-months-out-office-design-an?page=full

Standard Room Stocking Checklist Example [REGISTRATION REQUIRED]
http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Tools/StandardRoomStockingChecklist.aspx
Standardizing supplies and inventory leads to decreased rework, high predictability of needed supplies being present, and fewer interruptions to the flow of patient care.

Medical supplies and equipment for primary health care
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s20282en/s20282en.pdf

Introduction to Clinical Exam Room [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB1f8t88YHg
Introduces first year medical students to the exam room used in the Principles of Clinical Medicine and Clinical Skills Assessment Program.

Room Maintenance

Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities: Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5210a1.htm

OSHA Guidelines for Medical Offices
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/osha-guidelines-medical-offices-11691.html
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets guidelines and standards for workplaces, including medical offices, designed to promote the safety and health of workers.

Disinfection & Sterilization Guideline:Disinfection
https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/disinfection-and-sterilization/index.html

Standard Interpretations referencing
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owaquery.query_docs?src_doc_type=INTERPRETATIONS&src_anchor_name=1910.1030&src_ex_doc_type=STANDARDS&src_unique_file=1910_1030

Infection Control in Physicians’ Offices
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-abstract/105/6/1361/65461/Infection-Control-in-Physicians-Offices?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Patient Preparation

General Preparation for Procedures
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/education/procedure-preparation/

Use video to explain medical procedures to patients [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9kU-qxqOto

Body Measurements and Vital Signs

Body Measurements

Measuring Height and Weight [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNCsaStBstg

Training on Measuring Heights & Weights [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoio5ySq04w
This video demonstrates the proper protocol for conducting height and weight measurements.

Healthy Weight: Assessing Your Weight
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/

Measuring height [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ooQwZ11uKM
How to accurately measure height

Metric conversion calculator
http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/conversions.html
Metric conversions and US customary units – online metric converter calculator and tables for unit measurements including temperature, weight, volume, area, length, plus currency converter, fractions & more.

Exam Documentation: Charting Within the Guidelines
http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2010/0500/p24.html
The article, the second in a three-part series, details the section of Medicare’s E/M documentation guidelines pertaining to exams and explains how to comply and practice efficiently with them.

Overview of the CDC Growth Charts
https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/index.htm

A Training Manual for Height and Weight Assessment
http://www.achi.net/BMIContent/Documents/101007_Height_and_Weight_Measurement_Training_Manual1with_revisions.pdf

Growth And Development
http://www.coachr.org/growth_and_development.htm

Growth Charts – WHO Child Growth Standards
http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/who_charts.htm

Infant Growth Chart Calculator: Head Circumference Age WHO 0-2 Year
http://www.infantchart.com/infantheadage.php
Infant growth chart calculator to determine head circumference for age percentile. Uses WHO growth charts (0-2 years).

Head circumference-for-age
http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/hc_for_age/en/
EN head circumference-for-age charts and tables

Surgical Weight Loss
http://robinfollette.com/swl-bmi/

Vital Signs

Vital signs
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002341.htm

Vital Signs (Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiration Rate, Blood Pressure)
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/cardiovascular_diseases/vital_signs_body_temperature_pulse_rate_respiration_rate_blood_pressure_85,P00866/
Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems. Vital signs can be measured in a medical setting, at home, at the site of a medical emergency, or elsewhere.

A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine
https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/vital.htm

Checking Vital Signs (Part 1) [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_J-sLUp30g
How to check vital signs.

Checking Vital Signs (Part 2) [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mE3iwqogfno

Body Temperature
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/body-temperature
Body temperature is a measure of the body’s ability to generate and get rid of heat.

Body temperature normals
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001982.htm

Measuring Body Temperature (Digital Thermometer) [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70UDmCH05Jw

Measuring Body Temperature (Tympanic Thermometer) [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2gvd0pAX_A

Celsius to Fahrenheit converter (°C to °F)
http://www.rapidtables.com/convert/temperature/celsius-to-fahrenheit.htm
Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F) degrees conversion calculator and how to convert.

37 Celsius – Body temperature chart
http://www.ferinheighttocelsius.com/F-to-C/doc/37-celsius
Detailed chart for Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature values in the vicinity of 37 degrees C. Useful for converting body temperature measurements.

Types of Thermometers
http://www.md-health.com/Types-Of-Thermometer.html
Different types of thermometers are intended to be used to measure different types of environments for temperature settings. Choosing the right thermometer for a task is essential to getting accurate readings on the items you are measuring.

Types of Thermometers
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Fever/hic-types-of-thermometers

Thermometers: Understand the options
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/art-20046737
Thermometers — Find out the pros and cons of different types of thermometers.

All About Heart Rate (Pulse)
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/All-About-Heart-Rate-Pulse_UCM_438850_Article.jsp
The American Heart Association explains what heart rate is and how to measure heart rate. Learn what factors might influence or change a heart rate.

Heart rate: What is a normal pulse rate?
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/235710.php
Find out all about heart rate (how many times a heart contracts and relaxes per minute), how to check a pulse and what makes a normal, healthy resting heart rate.

Heart Rate Myths and Facts
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/5-heart-rate-myths-debunked
Myths and facts about heart rates, including what an erratic heart rate means and the link between pulse and stress.

Pulse Measurement
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/pulse-measurement
The pulse is the rate at which a heart beats. Pulse is usually called your heart rate, which is the number of times a heart beats each minute (bpm).

Taking a Patient’s Temperature and Pulse Rate [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMvYWPYyhGs

Where and How to Take the 12 Most Common Pulses in the Human Body [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpqgQJKdYqM

Pulse Locations [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNxnl7_nnK8

Accessible arterial pulse sites
http://healthcaresciencesocw.wayne.edu/vs/4_3.htm

Pulse sites [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/150227656/pulse-sites-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for the 8 pulse sites on the human body. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

How to USE and CLEAN a Stethoscope [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xv90ITxJTDA
How to use and clean your stethoscope.

Stethoscope Basics for the EMT [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SBRX6jq3GI
This video provides some basic tips for stethoscope use of the EMT

How to properly use a Stethoscope [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v11DRJ8QLE0
How to use a stethoscope.

Respiratory assessment
http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/specialisms/respiratory/respiratory-assessment/200191.article
How to accurately measure and record respiration rates

Measuring Respiratory Rate
http://healthcaresciencesocw.wayne.edu/vs/5_1.htm

Respiratory rate: the neglected vital sign
https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2008/188/11/respiratory-rate-neglected-vital-sign

Essential Health Classics: Vital Signs – Measuring Respiratory Rate [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDaxj1pfsa4
Educational video about Measuring Respiratory Rate

Understanding Blood Pressure Readings
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/AboutHighBloodPressure/Understanding-Blood-Pressure-Readings_UCM_301764_Article.jsp
What are blood pressure readings? Systolic, diastolic? The American Heart Association helps you understand the various levels of blood pressure and how high blood pressure or hypertension is defined. Also learn about prehypertension, hypertension, hypertensive crisis, and what is a healthy blood pressure.

Blood Pressure Numbers and Readings
http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/diastolic-and-systolic-blood-pressure-know-your-numbers
Explains what diastolic and systolic blood pressure numbers mean and why it’s important to keep track of them.

Blood pressure chart: What your reading means
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/blood-pressure/art-20050982
This blood pressure chart can help you understand what your blood pressure reading means.

Obtaining the Medical History

Sections of the Medical History

6 Importants Parts of a Medical Record
http://medicaloffice.about.com/od/healthinfomgmt/tp/6-Importants-Parts-Of-A-Medical-Record.htm
Depending on the level or need of care a patient has, records may vary, but all medical records will contain some common information.

Make documentation problems history
http://www.aaos.org/news/bulletin/oct07/managing8.asp

A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine
https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/write.htm

What is a chief complaint?
http://www.sharecare.com/health/managing-your-health-care/what-is-chief-complaint
The chief complaint is a brief description of why the patient is seeking medical attention.

A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine – History of Present Illness (HPI)
https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/history.htm

A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine – The Rest of the History
https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/rest.htm

Family History
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/familyhistory.html

The Use of Family History in Primary Health Care: A Qualitative Study
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/apm/2013/695763/

Family Medical History
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-science/genetics-molecular-medicine/family-history.page?
Family medical history is important as generic medicine in the explanation diseases. AMA has developed family history tools as part of their physician resources to assist the physician as well as the patient.

Social History Is Part of Medical History
http://www.drsforamerica.org/blog/social-history-is-part-of-medical-history

A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine
http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/ros.htm

Interviewing Skills

The Past Medical History
http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/pom1/pexams/hpexam/THE%20PAST%20MEDICAL%20HISTORY_HO.htm

Obtaining Patient Medical History [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUSxC-XHT2A

The Patient Interview
http://samples.jbpub.com/9781449652722/9781449645106_CH01_001_036.pdf

History-Taking and Interview Techniques and the Physician-Patient Relationship
http://www.glowm.com/section_view/heading/History-Taking%20and%20Interview%20Techniques%20and%20the%20Physician-Patient%20Relationship/item/410

CSMP Patient Encounter Tips: Patient Interview Tips
http://www3.aaos.org/education/csmp/InitialMedEncounter.cfm

Interviewing When Family Members Are Present
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0401/p1351.html
The presence of family members at an office visit creates unique opportunities and challenges for the physician while interviewing the patient. The physician must address issues of confidentiality, privacy, and agency. Special skills are required to respectfully and efficiently involve family members, while keeping the patient at the center of the visit.

5-Step Patient-Centered Interviewing
http://members.aapa.org/aapaconf2005/syllabus/5024FortinSmithInterview.pdf

Effective Patient–Physician Communication
http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Health-Care-for-Underserved-Women/Effective-Patient-Physician-Communication

Patient-Centered Communication
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/the-ethical-force-program/patient-centered-communication.page?
The Ethical Force Program has developed and is field testing a set of measures for health care organizations that will address patient-centered communication for vulnerable populations, with a special focus on evaluating the use of these measures to help reduce health disparities.

Taking a Patient History for Medical Assistants [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqA8kPgfDio

Charting

17 Tips to Improve Your Nursing Documentation
http://www.nursetogether.com/nurse-documentation-helpful-tips-every-nurs
Correct documentation may not just save your patients’ lives. It can also protect your career from ruin. Here are 17 tips you should know.

Maintaining Patient Records
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0073520837/589028/Chapter_09_Maintaining_Patient_Records.ppt

Medical Charting for Physicians
http://www.ddc-law.com/news_events/articlesofinterest/pdfs/Medical%20Charting%20for%20Physicians.pdf

How to measure and record vital signs to ensure detection of deteriorating patients
http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/specialisms/critical-care/how-to-measure-and-record-vital-signs-to-ensure-detection-of-deteriorating-patients/5009072.article
Staff need to recognise and act appropriately when patients deteriorate. This article gives practical advice on using basic observations to monitor patients

Vital signs and observation of patient [SLIDESHOW]
http://www.slideshare.net/SusanEducation/vital-signs-and-observation-of-patient
Taking Vital Signs for Students

Charting Exercises for the Medical Assistant
http://wps.pearsoned.com/chet_frazier_mymakit_demo_1/109/27923/7148479.cw/content/index.html

Assisting with Physical Examination

Preparing the Patient

Assisting with a General Physical Examination
http://sjc.usu.edu/departments/files/uploads/heal1600/ch38sp12.pdf

Assisting with a General Physical Examination
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0073520837/589012/Chapter_38_Assisting_with_a_General_Physical_Examination.ppt

Physical Examination: Purpose, Preparation & Procedure
http://www.healthline.com/health/physical-examination#Overview1
A physical examination is a routine test your doctor performs to check your overall health. It is also known as a wellness check. A physical examination helps your doctor determine the general status of your health. It is also gives you a chance

Preparing the patient | Adult Physical Examination
http://www.physicalexamination.org/index.php?q=node/23

Annual Physical Exams: What to Expect
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/annual-physical-examinations
What should you expect when you go for an annual physical exam? Explains the routine tests men and women can expect.

Preparing the Patient [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/7578074/ch-16-preparing-the-patient-flash-cards/
Preparing the Patient. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Annual Physical: Well Female Exam – Medical Assistant Skills Video #1 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqevRb6BDjI

Annual Physical: Well Male Exam – Medical Assistant Skills Video #2 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJwga0m5SJA

Position Statements
http://www.ncmedboard.org/position_statements/detail/guidelines_for_avoiding_misunderstandings_during_physical_examinations

Use of Chaperones During Physical Exams
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion821.page?
From the standpoint of ethics and prudence, the protocol of having chaperones available on a consistent basis for patient examinations is recommended.

Patient Modesty & Privacy Concerns: Teaching Medical Students about Patient Modesty
http://patientprivacyreview.blogspot.com.es/2012/01/teaching-medical-students-about-patient.html

Draping Video Edit 1 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnTky_zjqHU

Sample Consent-to-treatment form
http://www.nchealthliteracy.org/toolkit/tool11D.doc

Body Mechanics

Headache Prevention: Posture and Body Mechanics – Topic Overview
http://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/tc/headache-prevention-posture-and-body-mechanics-topic-overview
Good posture and the way you move your body can help prevent tension in your neck,shoulders,and upper back muscles. If your headaches seem to be related to tension in this area,be aware of your posture and position during daily activities. This may help prevent headaches. Use good body mechanics all the time,not just when you have a headache or back pain.

Body Mechanics – Topic Overview
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/body-mechanics-topic-overview
Good body mechanics means practicing good posture throughout the day. Use good body mechanics all the time,not just when you have back pain. Keep your back in the neutral position-not too curved and not too flat.

The Importance of Proper Body Mechanics – Keeping Your Spine Healthy
http://www.coloradospineinstitute.com/subject.php?pn=wellness-body-mechanics
Body mechanics is a term used to describe the ways we move as we go about our daily lives including how we sit, stand, lift, carry, bend, and sleep.

Body Mechanics
http://www.mccc.edu/~behrensb/documents/210wk3BodyMechanics_000.pdf

Positioning and Draping the Patient

Principles of Draping Patients for Physical Exams [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6oCdxISRCE

Draping Education to Promote Patient Dignity: Canadian Physiotherapy Student and Instructor Perceptions
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321994/

Draping Video Edit 1 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnTky_zjqHU

Patient Positions
http://www.paramedicine.com/pmc/Patient_Positions.html

Risks and Benefits of Patient Positioning During Neurosurgical Care
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2265668/

Basic Principles of Patient Positioning [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_97uVDeO7Q
Basic Principles of Patient Positioning: The Art of Safety and Comfort

Patient Positioning
http://www.slideshare.net/shylu/patient-positioning

Positions during a general physical examination [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/24522039/positions-during-a-general-physical-examination-ipc-week-8-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Positions during a general physical examination. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Positions Used in Medical Examinations
https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/career-clusters/health-science/mea1604/positions-used-in-medical-examinations
In this interactive object, students view the various positions used during medical examinations. They then match the names of the positions with the correct images and with their descriptions.

Placing the Patient in Different Positions for Examination
http://nursingfile.com/nurses-notes/fundamentals-of-nursing/placing-the-patient-in-different-positions-for-examination.html
Role the Nurse in Physical Examination

Examination Methods

The Physical Examination – Clinical Methods
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361/
Physical examination is the process of evaluating objective anatomic findings through the use of observation, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. The information obtained must be thoughtfully integrated with the patient’s history and pathophysiology.

Four Methods of Physical Examination
https://medscribes.wordpress.com/2013/03/07/four-methods-of-physical-examination/
Before we can set out to define and explain different systems involved in the physical examination, we need to make sure we understand the corresponding verbage to describe the methodology of the exam.

Techniques of physical examination [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/19270597/chapter-4-techniques-of-physical-examination-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for techniques of physical examination. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Assessing patients effectively
https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2006/11002/Assessing_patients_effectively__Here_s_how_to_do.5.aspx

Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmqjaGrg8k0

Vision Testing

Vision Tests: Color, Refraction, Visual Acuity and Visual Field Tests
http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/vision-tests
Vision tests check many different functions of the eye. The tests measure your ability to see details at near and far distances, check for gaps or defects in your field of vision, and evaluate your ability to see different colors.

Visual acuity test
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003396.htm

Ophthalmoscopy
http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the back of the eye (called the fundus) and other structures using a magnifying instrument (ophthalmoscope) and a light source.

What Is An Opthalmoscope
http://www.eyeglassguide.com/my-visit/vision-testing/ophthalmoscope.aspx
What is an opthalmoscope? An opthalmoscope is a device used to examine the interior of the eye.

Eye Test – The Eye Chart and 20/20 Vision Explained
http://www.allaboutvision.com/eye-test/
What does 20/20 vision really mean? Various eye charts and tests can be used to determine your visual acuity.

Printable Snellen Eye Chart
http://www.disabled-world.com/artman/publish/eye-chart.shtml
Free Snellen Eye charts you can print for home or office use to test your eyesight and visual acuity

Optician Certification
https://opticiancertification.org/

Eye Charts
http://www.i-see.org/eyecharts.html

Many Vision Problems Can Be Corrected
https://www.vsp.com/vision-conditions.html
Learn about common eye problems like astigmatism and myopia that can be corrected with the right prescription glasses, contacts lenses or vision treatments.

ColorVisionTesting
http://colorvisiontesting.com/ishihara.htm

Ishihara Instructions
http://white.stanford.edu/newlm/images/0/0a/Ishihara.14.Plate.Instructions.pdf

Eye Charts
https://www.asnt.org/Store/Browse?category=Eye%20Charts

Visual Acuity Testing: Near Vision
http://precision-vision.com/Articles/c-nearvisionandreading.html
Describes requirements for reading and near vision acuity measurements.

Ear Examination

Ear examination
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003340.htm

ENT – Ear Examination – Otoscopy [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FE0sot4OoAE
This video – produced by students at Oxford University Medical School in conjunction with the ENT faculty – demonstrates how to perform an examination of the ear.

Ear Examination
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ear-examination
An ear examination is a thorough evaluation of the ears that is done to screen for ear problems, such as hearing loss, ear pain, discharge, lumps, or objects in the ear.

Ear Examination: Procedure, Risks & Results
http://www.healthline.com/health/ear-examination#Overview1
Doctors will perform an ear examination, or otoscopy, if you have an earache, an ear infection, hearing loss, ringing in your ears, or any other ear-related symptoms.

Electrocardiography

Purpose of Electrocardiography

Electrocardiogram
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogram
An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart. An EKG translates the heart’s electrical activity into line tracings on paper.

Purpose of ECG / EKG (Electrocardiogram)
https://www.amperordirect.com/pc/help-ecg-monitor/z-ekg-purpose.html
ECG or EKG is a common diagnostic tool for detecting heart conditions and problems. This article discusses the information that can be obtained by doing an EKG.

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/electrocardiogram/basics/definition/prc-20014152
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) — Overview covers definition of this test to monitor your heartbeat.

What Is an Electrocardiogram?
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ekg

Electrocardiogram
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/cardiovascular/electrocardiogram_92,p07970/
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a simple and fast procedure that is used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart, which is measured in waves. Variations in the waves may indicate problems with the heart.

Electrical Impulses and ECG Patterns

Understanding the Heart’s Electrical System and EKG Results
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hb/understanding

Electrocardiograph [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygsvAZVA6sc
This was part of a series of 3 short animations

Cardiac Rhythm Interpretation
http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/MedTech/Cardiac/571.asp?iNum=0102
A short course in the interpretation of human cardiac rhythms

ECG Rhythms
http://www.ambulancetechnicianstudy.co.uk/rhythms.html

How to read an Electrocardiogram (ECG).
http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/archive/may-2010/how-to-read-an-electrocardiogram-ecg.-part-one-basic-principles-of-the-ecg.-the-normal-ecg.html

U Wave basic ECG patterns
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/u-wave/
The U wave is a small (0.5 mm) deflection immediately following the T wave, usually in the same direction as the T wave. It is best seen in leads V2 and V3.

Cardiac Rhythms
http://www.practicalclinicalskills.com/cardiac-rhythms.aspx
Overview of cardiac rhythms and a summary of this website’s free cardiac rhythm tutorial, practice strips and quiz.

The whole ECG – a really basic ECG primer
http://www.anaesthetist.com/icu/organs/heart/ecg/Findex.htm

ECG Interpretation
http://www.practicalclinicalskills.com/ecg-interpretation.aspx
ECG Interpretation Training and Practice Strips. Free training on over 40 types of abnormalities. A basic ECG course and practice drills and quiz.

19-EKG [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/12247937/chapter-19-ekg-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for EKG. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

QRS Complex Lesson & Quiz
http://www.practicalclinicalskills.com/ekg-lesson.aspx?coursecaseorder=8&courseid=301
Learn about QRS Complex lesson and practice quiz.

ECG Basics: An Introduction to QRS Morphology
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/qrs-complex-morphology/

Equipment and Supplies

Electrocardiograph, ECG
http://www.who.int/medical_devices/innovation/electrocardiograph.pdf

ECG machines [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/1952312/ecg-machines-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for ECG machines. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Electrocardiography
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007351098x/student_view0/electrocardiography/chapter3/chapter_summary.html

Buy What are single, 3,6,12 channel ECG machines?
http://www.collateralmed.com/blog/2012/01/06/what-are-single-3612-channel-ecg-machines
The single channel ECG machine contains one amplifier channel and one recording system. Such machines usually carry a multiposition switch, by means of which the desired lead connection can be selected. Only one lead at a time can be recorded with such type of instrument.
The Multichannel ECG consists several amplifier channels and a corresponding number

EKG Paper Lesson & Quiz
http://www.practicalclinicalskills.com/ekg-lesson.aspx?coursecaseorder=1&courseid=301
Learn about EKG Paper lesson and practice quiz.

Calibration of the electrocardiogram (ECG)
http://www.metealpaslan.com/ecg/nekg4en.htm

Obtaining and Electrocardiogram

Medical Assistant Training: Set up for an ECG [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Oe1HkM3PCg
This video excerpt is from a Medical Assisting e-Learning suite. Each module covers a different MA procedure and provides a simulation.

Standard 12 Lead Electrocardiogram Recording
https://cele.coventry.ac.uk/ecg/index.htm

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) How you prepare
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/electrocardiogram/basics/how-you-prepare/prc-20014152
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) — Overview covers definition of this test to monitor your heartbeat.

Placement of ECG Leads – ECG Electrodes [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dNU6TOamQg
Placement of ECG leads – ECG Electrodes Chest Leads There are 10 wires on an ECG machine that are connected to specific parts of the body.

12 Lead ECG Placement Part in female [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCW-oQskYCQ

Proper Skin Prep Helps Ensure ECG Trace Quality
http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/358372O/proper-skin-prep-ecg-trace-quality-white-paper.pdf

EKG Lead Placement [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQQ-DCDE4-Q
This section of our class is a quick review of where to place the electrodes for a 12-lead EKG.

ECG Electrode Placement 4-2 – ECG / EKG Interpretation — BASIC [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HK1NHr0JcqQ
Dr. Nicholas Tullo, a heart rhythm specialist, presents this lesson for the ECG Academy. This instructional video demonstrates the proper location for placement.

12-Lead ECG Placement
http://www.emtresource.com/resources/ecg/12-lead-ecg-placement/

Chest Leads – ECG Lead Placement
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nursing/practice/resources/cardiology/function/chest_leads.php

A sticky situation: Placing multi-lead electrodes in special situations
http://www.ems1.com/ems-products/Patient-Monitoring/articles/1440881-A-sticky-situation-Placing-multi-lead-electrodes-in-special-situations/

CV Physiology: Standard Limb Leads (Bipolar)
http://cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A013a.htm
Electrocardiogram standard limb leads

ECG Primer: The leads
https://courses.kcumb.edu/physio/ecg%20primer/ecgleads.htm

Unipolar Leads – ECG Lead Placement
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nursing/practice/resources/cardiology/function/unipolar_leads.php

ECG Limb Lead Reversals
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/limb-lead-reversals/
A review of the different types of limb lead reversal with some excellent example ECGs

Lead Placement and Acquisition of the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram
http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@mwa/documents/downloadable/ucm_464992.pdf

Recording a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram
http://www.scst.org.uk/resources/consensus_guideline_for_recording_a_12_lead_ecg_Rev_072010b.pdf

Chapter 20 The electrocardiogram (RMA) [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/8998308/chapter-20-the-electrocardiogram-rma-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for The electrocardiogram (RMA). Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Color coding of the ECG Leads
http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/Basics#Color_coding_of_the_ECG_leads

ECG color coding; leadwires
http://www.panswmed.com/FAQs/ECG_color_codings_leadwires.html
explanation of ECG color coding; PanSW, ECG/EKG cables, ECG/EKG leadwires, SPO2 sensors, SPO2 probes, SPO2 cables, SPO2 extension cables, reusable ECG electrodes, NIBP cables, transducers, cuffs, etc.

Artifacts

ECG Artifacts
http://www.mauvila.com/ECG/ecg_artifact.htm

EKG artifacts
http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/EKG_artifacts

Electrocardiographic Electrode Misplacement, Misconnection, and Artifact
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/775860_2

ECG Motion Artefacts: Tremors, Shivering & Chest Compressions (LITFL)
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/artefacts/
A brief review of some of the more common ECG artefacts.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Forms of Tremor
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/739106_4

Electrocardiography [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/94906925/ecg-flash-cards/

Artifact sources in ECG monitoring
http://24h-monitoring.com/ecg/artifact-sources.html
Sources of artifact in Holter and event ECG monitoring. For students of medicine.

Steps for Reducing Artifacts on ECGs
http://intl.welchallyn.com/documents/Cardiopulmonary/learningfiles/M5539WTP%20ReduceArtifact.pdf

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Sinus Arrhythmia
http://www.cardiachealth.org/sinus-arrhythmia

Atrial Fibrillation
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/disorders/arrhythmia/afib

Premature Atrial Complex (PAC)
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/premature-atrial-complex-pac/
A review of the ECG features of atrial ectopics / premature atrial contractions (PACs).

Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs)
http://www.cardiachealth.org/premature-atrial-contractions-pacs

Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT)
http://www.healthline.com/health/paroxysmal-atrial-tachycardia
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia is a type of arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). Paroxysmal means that the episode of arrhythmia begins and ends abruptly. Atrial means that arrhythmia originates in the atria or upper chambers of your heart.

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia definition – Heart Center: Information on Cardiovascular Conditions
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4784
Information on heart disease and related cardiovascular conditions includes medications, procedures and tests, symptoms, and treatment.

HeartPoint: Ventricular Arrhythmias, More
http://www.heartpoint.com/ventricular_arrhythmiasmore.html

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ventricular-contractions/basics/definition/con-20030205
Premature ventricular contractions — Comprehensive overview covers causes, diagnosis, treatment of this abnormal heart rhythm.

Premature Ventricular Contractions
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/disorders/arrhythmia/premature-ventricular-contractions
Premature Ventricular Contractions – Learn about heart rhythm disorder causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more.

Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs)-Topic Overview
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/tc/premature-ventricular-contractions-pvcs-topic-overview
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are heartbeats that occur earlier than they should. These early beats briefly interrupt the heart’s rhythm. A PVC may feel like a skipped heartbeat or a flutter. PVCs are the most common type of change in heart rhythm.

Ventricular tachycardia
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000187.htm

Ventricular Tachycardia-Topic Overview
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/tc/ventricular-tachycardia-topic-overview

Ventricular Tachycardia
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159075-overview

Ventricular Fibrillation
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/AboutArrhythmia/Ventricular-Fibrillation_UCM_324063_Article.jsp
The American Heart Association explains ventricular fibrillation or v-fib as the most serious cardiac rhythm disturbance. The lower chambers quiver and the heart can’t pump any blood, causing cardiac arrest.

Ventricular fibrillation
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007200.htm

Pacemaker Rhythms
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/pacemaker/
A review of the different types of pacemaker rhythms with some example ECGs.

Pacemaker Rhythms
http://ekg.academy/Pacemaker-Rhythms
Introduction to pacemaker rhythms with EKG tracings.

Holter Monitor

Holter monitor (24h)
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003877.htm

Holter monitor
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/holter-monitor/basics/definition/prc-20015037
Holter monitor — Overview covers what to expect during this test of your heart rhythm.

Holter Monitor Preparation Video – Part 1 of 3 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdF53XP108c
This video describes the Holter Monitor process at BC Biomedical and what you can expect for the hookup, disconnect and aftercare.

How to Prepare Holter Patient [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8b6cGINz95k
Patient Preperation for conducting a Holter Test

Event Monitor

Cardiac Event Recorder
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Cardiac-Event-Recorder_UCM_447317_Article.jsp

Cardiac Event Monitor [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzEJjECuGtc

Cardiac Stress Testing

Stress Test for Heart Disease
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/stress-test

Treadmill Test
http://www.heartsite.com/html/regular_stress.html

Treadmill Stress Testing
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1827089-overview

Radiography and Diagnostic Imaging

Basics of Radiography

Physics Tutorials – Basics of X-ray Physics
http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/physics/x-ray_physics_introduction.html
Radiology and medical imaging tutorials for uk medical students. Learn the basics of X-ray physics.

Learning Radiology
http://www.learningradiology.com/
An award-winning, radiologic teaching site for medical students and those starting out in radiology focusing on chest, GI, cardiac and musculoskeletal diseases containing hundreds of lectures, quizzes, hand-out notes, interactive material, most commons lists and pictorial differential diagnoses

Physics Tutorials – Basics of X-ray Physics – X-ray production
http://radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/physics/x-ray_physics_production.html
Radiology and medical imaging tutorials for uk medical students. Learn the basics of X-ray physics. How are x-rays made. Production of x-rays. X-ray tube diagram.

Using The X-Ray Machine [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3qSUKJ6eDA
Basic Radiography Week 1

How does an X-ray machine work? [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9Mi8tqGQlo
How does an X-ray machine work?

Standard Radiography Room
http://www.healthcare.philips.com/main/products/xray/products/radiography/radiography_rooms/standard.wpd
Your typical standard X-ray room with medium patient load needs to be equipped for all radiography applications.

General X-Ray Room Layout
http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/General+X-Ray+Room+Layout
General X-Ray Room Layout This page shows the layout of a general xray room and the associated equipment and items needed for day to day functioning….

A Typical Well Protected X-Ray Room [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYW6QLEi6Cg
Intro

Beam collimators
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/beam-collimators
Beam collimators are ‘beam direction’ devices used in the X-ray tube housing, along with an arrangement of mirrors and lights, in such a way that the light and X-ray fields match each other. They are made of lead shutters which completely absorb t…

Radiology Technician Schools
http://radiologyed.org/
For tomorrow’s radiology and radiologic technology professionals, RadiologyEd.org offers a comprehensive guide to schools, education and career options.

Screen-Film radiography

Screen-Film Radiography
http://courses.washington.edu/radxphys/Lectures09-10/Screen-Film_Radiography-100304.pdf

Radiographic Receptors
http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/FILMSCR/

The Field of Digital Radiography
http://occonline.occ.cccd.edu/online/lsachs/rad%20265%20Introduction%20to%20Digital%20Radiography.ppt

Chest X-ray (Radiography)
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=chestrad
Current and accurate information for patients about chest x-ray. Learn what you might experience, how to prepare for the exam, benefits, risks and much more.

Chest radiograph
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/chest-radiograph
The chest radiograph (CXR) is the most ubiquitous radiological investigation.The standard is a 2-view series and is performed standing and in full inspiration:
PA frontal: with the shoulders abducted and flexed (arms over or ‘hugging’ the grid)
la…

Chest X-rays
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chest-x-rays/basics/definition/prc-20013074
Chest X-rays — Overview covers definition, risks, results of this imaging test.

The Radiology Resource Library
http://radiologyed.org/resourcelibrary/#chest

Mammograms Fact Sheet
http://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/mammograms-fact-sheet
A fact sheet that defines screening and diagnostic mammograms and outlines mammography screening guidelines. Discusses the benefits and some potential harms of screening mammograms.

Mammography (Mammogram)
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=mammo
Current and accurate information for patients about Mammography. Learn what you might experience, how to prepare for the exam, benefits, risks and much more.

What can a patient do to prepare for their diagnostic mammogram? [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N71HWXPyGQQ
Stacey Vitiello, MD Radiologist/Breast Imager Dr. Vitiello completed her Fellowship in Breast Imaging at Yale University Medical Center, where she received t…

Breast Radiography resources
http://radiologyed.org/resourcelibrary/#breast

Fluoroscopic Imaging

Fluoroscopy
http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MedicalX-Rays/ucm115354.htm
The FDA has updated and improved the Fluoroscopy web page to include additional information such as: providing detailed information on where patients and health care professionals can go to get information on fluoroscopy, QA guidelines, and radiation protection issues. The updated web page also provides additional resources for industry.

General Overview of Fluoroscopic Imaging
http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiographics.20.4.g00jl301115

Fluoroscopy Procedure
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/orthopaedic/fluoroscopy_procedure_92,P07662/
Fluoroscopy is a study of moving body structures—similar to an X-ray movie.

Patient Safety – Contrast Material
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/safety/index.cfm?pg=sfty_contrast
Safety information for patients about contrast material, also called dye or contrast agent.

Contrast Medium Reactions
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/422855-overview

Computer Imaging

Computed radiography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computed_radiography

Ultrasonography
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68014463

Fundamentals of Ultrasound Imaging
http://dynamicultrasound.org/dugphysics.html
A brief introduction to the fundamentals of ultrasound imaging.

Basic Ultrasound [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZvHHZe7yIw
Basic Physical Principles of Ultrasound John J. Dougherty, DO, FAODME, FACOFP, FAOASM Associate Dean, Clinical Education and Medical Affairs Professor of Fam…

How to prepare for an Ultrasound (Sonography)
http://www.radiology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/prepare/ultrasound

Body MRI – magnetic resonance imaging of the chest, abdomen and pelvis
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=bodymr
Current and accurate information for patients about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the body. Learn what you might experience, how to prepare for the exam, benefits, risks and much more.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Explained [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiL0wCZr0Mw
Dr D. Bulte from Oxford University’s FMRIB (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain) centre explains the theory underlying today’s modern MRI scan…

MRI
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003335.htm

How to prepare for a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
http://www.radiology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/prepare/mri

Diagnostic Imaging Services Louisiana: Preparation and Commonly Asked Questions about a MRI Exam [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asEMlqU79Zw
Courtesy of our partner, Hitachi Medical Systems, you can learn more about what to expect when you visit Diagnostic Imaging Services in Metairie to undergo a…

CT scan
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003330.htm

Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer Fact Sheet
http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet
A fact sheet that describes the CT scan procedure and technology and its uses in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet 5.2

Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan)
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/sitemap/modal-alias.cfm?modal=ct
Links to current and accurate information for patients about Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan) procedures.

What is Computed Tomography?
http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MedicalX-Rays/ucm115318.htm
What is computed tomography (CT)? CT compared to conventional x ray, how CT works; advances in technology and clinical practice.

How does a patient prepare for CT scanning, and how is it performed? – CT Scan (Computerized Tomography)
http://www.medicinenet.com/cat_scan/page4.htm
How does a patient prepare for CT scanning, and how is it performed?

CT scan How you prepare
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ct-scan/basics/how-you-prepare/prc-20014610
CT scan — Overview covers definition, risks, results of this imaging procedure.

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pet-scan/basics/definition/prc-20014301
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan — Overview covers definition, risks, results of this imaging test.

PET/CT (Positron Emission Tomography – Computed Tomography )
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=pet
Current and accurate information for patients about PET/CT. Learn what you might experience, how to prepare for the exam, benefits, risks and much more.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/neurological/positron_emission_tomography_pet_scan_92,P07654/
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine various body tissues to identify certain conditions. PET may also be used to follow the progress of the treatment of certain conditions.

Employee Safety

Medical X-ray Safety – Health Worker Safety
http://www.americares.org/assets/downloads/pdf/modules/hws/HWS-7-x-ray-safety.pdf

Physics Tutorials – Basics of X-ray Physics – X-ray safety
http://radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/physics/x-ray_physics_safety.html
Radiology and medical imaging tutorials for uk medical students. Learn the basics of X-ray physics. Radiation safety issues.

Radiation Protection Guidance For Hospital Staff
https://web.stanford.edu/dept/EHS/prod/researchlab/radlaser/Hospital_Guidance_document.pdf

Medical Assistant’s Role

Careers in Medical Assisting with Limited X-Ray
http://radiologyed.org/careers/medical-assistant-with-limited-x-ray/

Radiology Degrees
http://radiologyed.org/degrees/

X-Rays and Diagnostic Radiology
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073520837/student_view0/chapter53/index.html

Therapeutic Procedures

Ear Treatments

Ear Irrigation | Definition and Patient Education
http://www.healthline.com/health/ear-irrigation#Overview1
Ear irrigation is a routine procedure used to remove excess earwax, called cerumen, or foreign materials from the ear.

Earwax and Care
https://www.entnet.org/content/earwax-and-care

BMJ Best Practice Subscription Content
http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/evidence/intervention/0504/0/sr-0504-i2.html

Adult Ear Irrigation [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-lOwWMBrk0
Quick Demonstration of Ear Irrigation of an adult patient, using the OtoClear Ear Irrigation Device.

Ear wax removal. Ear Syringing. And the mother load [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG1k6_hXXb0
Audiologist Nick Chitty using Aural irrigation Pro Pulse to remove ear wax and Jobson horn ENT Microscope.

Medical Assistant Training Irrigate Ear and Instilling Ear Medication [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjURxqNBdGE
Describes pre-procedure considerations for irrigating patient’s ears and instilling medication.

Instilling Ear Drops [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5WCj33VBGg

Instillation of Ear Drops
http://www.georgemurty.co.uk/ear-drops.aspx

Eye Treatments

Eye Irrigation [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjrCiRMW4Zo
This is a demonstration of eye irrigation for Polk State College Adult Health 2 students.

Administering An Eye Irrigation
http://nursingcrib.com/demo-checklist/administering-an-eye-irrigation/

Medical Assistant Training: Prepare to Irrigate the Eye and Instill Eye Medication [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJSddh3ign4

Eye irrigation [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afN98b0b-AM

Putting in Eyedrops [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LZw946ahDc
The best way to put eyedrops in after LASIK or cataract surgery

10 Important Tips for Proper Instillation of Eyedrops
http://www.glaucoma.org.il/glaucoma/medications/eyedrop-tips

Bandaging

What are the Different Types of Bandages?
http://www.innovateus.net/innopedia/what-are-different-types-bandages
Bandages are a regular part of first aid kit and are the last wraps used for firming the dressing on the injured part.

7 Types of Bandages
http://healthsection.expertscolumn.com/article/7-types-bandages

Basic bandaging forms
http://www.skillsinmedicine-demo.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=301:basic-bandaging-forms&catid=103:bandaging-techniques&Itemid=505

G- Applying bandages and binders
http://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/nursepractice/ch/ch10g.html

Bandages
http://jdc.jefferson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=dacosta_modernsurgery

How to Put on a Bandage
http://www.sja.org.uk/sja/first-aid-advice/first-aid-techniques/how-to-put-on-a-bandage.aspx
Get instructions from St John Ambulance for how to put a bandage on for general injuries, joint injuries or to immobilise a limb.

Cold and Heat Therapy

When to Use Hot and Cold Therapy
http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=4483

Ice and Heat Treatment for Injuries
http://patient.info/health/ice-and-heat-treatment-for-injuries
This leaflet gives a general overview of ice and heat in the treatment of soft tissue injuries. Learn about whether to use Ice and Heat Treatment for Injuries.

Cold Applications (Cryotherapy) – Information and Recommended Uses
http://www.diagnose-me.com/treatment/cold-applications-cryotherapy.html
Complete information about Cold Applications (Cryotherapy), including why it is recommended.

Hot Applications (Thermotherapy) – Information and Recommended Uses
http://www.diagnose-me.com/treatment/hot-applications-thermotherapy.html
Complete information Hot Applications (Thermotherapy), including why it is recommended.

Ultrasound Therapy

Overview of Therapeutic Ultrasound Applications and Safety Considerations
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3810427/

Ultrasound Therapy
http://www.electrotherapy.org/modality/ultrasound-therapy

Ultrasound Therapy, Treatment for Pain – Description
http://pain.about.com/od/treatment/f/ultrasound_therapy.htm
Ultrasound therapy is commonly used by occupational or physical therapists to treat chronic pain conditions and to promote tissue healing.

Laser Therapy

Laser Therapy: Purpose, Procedure & Risks
http://www.healthline.com/health/laser-therapy#Overview1
Laser therapies are medical treatments that use focused light. Laser light is a very special kind of light. Unlike most light sources, it is tuned to very specific wavelengths. This allows it to be focused into powerful beams. Laser light is so in

Laser therapy
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001913.htm

Ambulatory Devices

Therapeutic and Assistive Devices – Rehabilitation
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/rehabilitation/therapeutic-and-assistive-devices
Learn about Therapeutic and Assistive Devices symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Patient Care Skills Ambulation with Ambulatory Assistive Devices Walker [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sR_08WapDDo

Crutches – Which type is best for you? [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfKtN-ulDVo

1. Normal gait – Normal and Abnormal Gait Series [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYVyoFdJHdU

Six Gait Abnormalities [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q98WKpwIpkE
Trendelenburg gait results from the loss of function of lesser gluteal muscles. Lesser gluteal muscles are hip…

Gait normal & abnormal
http://www.slideshare.net/prkhuman/gait-normal-abnormal

Walking abnormalities
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm

Gait Training with Ambulation Aids
http://media.lanecc.edu/users/howardc/PTA104L/104LAmbAids/104LAmbAids_print.html

Schneider Hong Fleming Crutch Gait Pattern 2 pt, 3 pt, 4 pt [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcKJMCbQrL0

Slide show: Tips for choosing and using walkers
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/multimedia/walker/sls-20076469
A walker can provide balance and improve mobility. Understand how to use a walker.

Walkers & Rollators
http://www.apria.com/wps/portal/apria/home/therapies/healthcare-professionals/hme/walkers-and-rollators/08-walker%20types/

Slide show: Tips for choosing and using canes
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/multimedia/canes/sls-20077060
A cane can improve your balance and mobility. Consider the options.

Canes & Crutches
http://www.apria.com/wps/portal/apria/home/therapies/healthcare-professionals/hme/canes-and-crutches/01-cane%20types/

Casts

Principles of Casting and Splinting
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0101/p16.html

Cast Types and Maintenance Instructions
http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P02750

Cast care: Do’s and don’ts
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/cast-care/art-20047159

How To Apply Short Leg Cast Video – Orhtopaedics [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtSRsPp7anE

Application of a Long Leg Cast Fiberglass Medical Cast [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_35ZaHnxtM

Cast Care Causes, Symptoms, Treatment – How Casts Are Applied
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/cast_care/page3_em.htm

Arm Cast Removal : Medical Illustration
http://www.nucleuscatalog.com/arm-cast-removal/view-item?ItemID=13362

Cast Cutting [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXHFAUNm-c0

Cutting a cast off [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIKGa2VAyC4

Specialty Diagnostic Testing

Gynecological Examination and testing

The Gynecologic History and Examination
http://www.glowm.com/section_view/heading/TheGynecologicHistoryandExamination/item/3

The Gynecologic Examination And Prenatal Care [SLIDESHOW]
http://www.powershow.com/view2b/3eb94d-NmU1Z/THE_GYNECOLOGIC_EXAMINATION_AND_PRENATAL_CARE_ [SLIDESHOW]_ppt_presentation

Chapter 23 – The Gynecologic Examination & Prenatal Care [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/39430556/chapter-23-the-gynecologic-examination-prenatal-care-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for The Gynecologic Examination & Prenatal Care. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Chapter 8 – The Gynecological Examination and Prenatal Care [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/20430309/chapter-8-the-gynecological-examination-and-prenatal-care-flash-cards/

Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby: Prenatal Care [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZqGZLwDfdE

Medical Procedures on Breast Examination [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QVmgVzSVmY

Clinical Breast Exam [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtwM7WXfTNc
Clinical breast exam A clinical breast exam or (CBE) refers to an examination of women’s breasts by a health care provider like a physician, nurse, or a gynecologist.

Pelvic Exam for Women: What Happens, Why It’s Done
http://www.webmd.com/women/guide/pelvic-examination
A pelvic exam is used to look at a woman’s vulva, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, bladder, and rectum.

Clinical Breast Exam
http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/clinical-breast-exam

Clinical Breast Exam: How It’s Done, Results, and More
http://www.webmd.com/women/clinical-breast-examination
A clinical breast examination (CBE) is a physical examination of the breast done by a health professional, used along with mammograms to check women’s breasts for abnormalities.

Rationale and Technique of Clinical Breast Examination
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408932

Everything about the Pelvic Examination [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBSADQhCOOA

Pelvic Examination – Clinical Methods
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK286/
The pelvic examination is performed to collect information about the lower abdomen and external genitalia, vagina, cervix (including cervical cytology), uterus, adnexa, anus, and rectum.

Pelvic Examination Technique
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1947956-technique

Pelvic exam
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/basics/definition/prc-20013064
Pelvic exam — Overview covers definition, what to expect and results of this procedure.

Pap Test Procedure, Test Results, What Abnormal Results Mean, and More
http://www.webmd.com/women/guide/pap-smear
A Pap smear samples cervical cells to check for abnormalities.

Pap smear
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pap-smear/basics/definition/prc-20013038
Learn how a Pap smear is done and what abnormal Pap smear results mean.

Pap Test – A step-by-step look at what happens during the test [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HvHqp_hQic
Dr. Feelgood and the Fairy Godmother demonstrate what happens during a Pap test.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Test
http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test
A human papillomavirus (HPV) test is done to detect an HPV infection and determine the type of HPV present.

HPV | Screening | Human Papillomavirus
https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/screening/index.html
Cervical cancer is the easiest female cancer to prevent, with regular screening tests and follow-up. Two tests, the Pap test and the HPV test, can help prevent cervical cancer or find it early.

HPV test
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hpv-test/basics/definition/prc-20015066
HPV test — Overview covers risks, results of this test for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Specimen Collection, Adequacy & Requisition
http://www.cytopathology.org/specimen-collection-adequacy-requisition/

Cervical Cytology Reporting
http://www.cytopathology.org/cervical-cytology-reporting/

Cytology results and recommendations
http://www.cervicalcheck.ie/frequently-asked-questions/cytology-results-and-recommendations.3860.html
Cytology results and recommendations

Female reproductive system diseases
https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/female-reproductive-system/female-reproductive-system-diseases/

Vaginitis and Vaginal Bacterial Infections: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
http://www.webmd.com/women/guide/sexual-health-vaginal-infections
What are the most common types of vaginal infections? Find out here, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Vaginitis – self-care
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm

Vaginitis
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257141-overview

Candidiasis | Fungal Diseases
https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/index.html
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by yeasts that belong to the genus Candida. There are over 20 species of Candida yeasts that can cause infection in humans.Symptoms of candidiasis vary depending on the area of the body that is infected.

Candidiasis Treatment & Management
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/213853-treatment

Trichomoniasis Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Trichomoniasis
http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/guide/trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease that affects both men and women.

Trichomoniasis: Facts on Symptoms of This Vaginal Infection
http://www.medicinenet.com/trichomoniasis/article.htm
Read about trichomoniasis, an STD caused by a parasite. Symptoms include yellow, green, or gray vaginal discharge, strong vaginal odor, painful sex or urination, and abdominal pain. Treatment information is included in the information.

Trichomoniasis
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/trichomoniasis.html

Gardnerella Vaginalis
http://www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/408/435.html

Sexually Transmitted Diseases
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sexuallytransmitteddiseases.html

STD symptoms: Common STDs and their symptoms
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-symptoms/art-20047081
A list of common and possible STD symptoms and potential causes.

What is tested for in a urine culture? – STDs
http://www.medhelp.org/posts/STDs/What-is-tested-for-in-a-urine-culture/show/494885

What are the different types of contraception?
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contraception/conditioninfo/Pages/types.aspx

12 Types of Birth Control – Health.com
http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20354669,00.html

Obstetrical Examination and Testing

Obstetric Examination- OSCE [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQBX2BC61P4
Medicine in a Nutshell gives a simple guide of how to conduct an Obstetric examination on a patient as part of a routine obstetric examination.

The obstetric examination ppt
http://www.slideshare.net/reinaramesh/the-obstetric-examination-ppt
Reproductive theme for 3rd year medical students

Prenatal care fact sheet
http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/prenatal-care.html

Prenatal Care
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/prenatalcare.html
Prenatal Care

Antenatal Examinations. Pregnency checks information.
http://patient.info/doctor/antenatal-examinations
Antenatal Examinations and Antenatal assessments in pregnancies. Antenatal Examinations is diagnosis of pregnancy and calculation of gestational age. Read about Diagnosis of pregnancy and calculation of gestational age.

Your first prenatal visit
http://www.babycenter.com/0_your-first-prenatal-visit_9344.bc
At your first prenatal checkup your doctor or midwife will take your health history, discuss genetic testing, check you out, and run some tests.

Parturition definition
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4792
Read doctor-produced health and medical information written for you to make informed decisions about your health concerns.

APGAR
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003402.htm

Colon Tests

Types of Colon Exams
http://pillcamcolon.com/education/types-of-colon-exams
In addition to PillCam COLON, there are a number of procedures your doctor can use to assess the health and condition of your colon.

Colon Polyps-Exams and Tests
http://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/tc/colon-polyps-exams-and-tests
Unless colon polyps are large and cause bleeding or pain, the only way to know if you have polyps is to have one or more tests that explore the inside surface of your colon. Several tests can be used to detect colon polyps.

Fecal occult blood test
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/fecal-occult-blood-test/basics/definition/prc-20014429
Fecal occult blood test — Overview covers definition, results of this colon cancer screening test.

Fecal Occult Blood Test: Learn What to Expect
http://www.medicinenet.com/fecal_occult_blood_tests/article.htm
Read about the fecal occult blood test in which there are two types, chemical and immunologic. Fecal occult blood tests are used to screen for colon cancer and colon polyps.

Stool guaiac test
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003393.htm

Medical Assisting – Fecal Occult Blood Testing [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/192945602/fecal-occult-blood-testing-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Step by step procedures for patient instructions on how to complete the FOBT following diet alterations. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Guaiac Testing – Screening for Fecal Occult Blood
http://web.rwjms.rutgers.edu/udlweb/RWJMS%20Current%20POC/Guiac%20020702a.doc

Fecal Occult Blood test [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sLu-qgpf0E

Sigmoidoscopy
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003885.htm

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: What You Need to Know
http://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/flexible-sigmoidoscopy
Doctors use flexible sigmoidoscopy to examine the rectum and the lower part of the colon. Learn what to expect during this procedure.

Sigmoidoscopy: Purpose, Procedure & Results
http://www.healthline.com/health/sigmoidoscopy#Overview1
The colon helps your body absorb water and nutrients from the food you eat. It is also where your stool is formed. The last third of your colon is called the sigmoid colon, or the descending colon.

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBpj0eUs9JA
Five-minute short colonoscopy test which can find most bowel cancers with the key symptoms.

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGwgWKVbfi4
How to prepare for your flexible sigmoidoscopy and what to expect during your procedure.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy How you prepare
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/flexible-sigmoidoscopy/basics/how-you-prepare/prc-20014697
Flexible sigmoidoscopy — Overview covers definition, risks, results of this exam to detect colon disease.

Sigmoidoscopy Set-up and Cleaning – Medical Assistant Skills Video #12 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3fk0imkAJ8

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary function tests
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003853.htm

Pulmonary Function Tests
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/pulmonary/pulmonary_function_tests_92,P07759/
Pulmonary function tests measure how well your lungs are functioning and are used to help diagnose certain lung disorders.

Spirometry and Other Lung Function Tests
http://www.webmd.com/lung/lung-function-tests
Lung function tests (also called pulmonary function tests, or PFTs) evaluate how well your lungs work.

Spirometry Testing
http://www.nationaljewish.org/programs/tests/pulmonary-physiology/pulmonary-function/spirometry/
Answers to common questions and concerns regarding Spirometry Testing, such as what it is, how to prepare for a test, and what is done during the test.

Peak Flow Measurement
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/pulmonary/peak_flow_measurement_92,P07755/
Peak flow measurement is a procedure that records the amount of air flowing out of your lungs. Peak flow can be measured with either a spirometer or a peak flow meter.

Asthma Lung Function Tests: Spirometry, Peak Flow Meter, and More Types
http://www.webmd.com/asthma/lung-function-tests-diagnosing-monitoring-asthma
Lung function tests used to diagnose and monitor asthma.

Lung Function Tests (Spirometry And Peak Flow) – Respiratory Medicine [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4C8EInOMOI

Pulse Oximetry

Oximetry
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/pulmonary/oximetry_92,p07754/
Oximetry is a procedure used to measure the oxygen level—or oxygen saturation—in the blood.

Pulse oximetry
http://www.who.int/patientsafety/safesurgery/pulse_oximetry/en/

Oximetry: Get the Facts on Test Results
http://www.medicinenet.com/oximetry/article.htm
Learn about oximetry, a procedure that measures the amount of oxygen in the blood. This test is frequently performed to evaluate the function of the heart and lungs.

Hearing Acuity Tests

Hearing Tests
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hearing-tests
A hearing (audiometric) test is part of an ear examination that evaluates a person’s ability to hear by measuring the ability of sound to reach the brain.

Auditory acuity definition
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8278
Read doctor-produced health and medical information written for you to make informed decisions about your health concerns.

Assessment (lab 3)-Assess hearing acuity [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/32669780/assessment-lab-3-assess-hearing-acuity-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Assessment of hearing acuity. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Cranial Nerve VIII – Auditory Acuity [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNy7dgOwu30

Audiometry
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003341.htm

Audiometry Test, Hearing Test
http://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-hearing.htm
Audiometry info, an audiometry evaluation is a painless, noninvasive hearing test that measures a person’s ability to hear different sounds, pitches, or frequencies.

Tympanometry
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003390.htm

Tympanometry: Purpose, Procedure & Results
http://www.healthline.com/health/tympanometry#Overview1
Tympanometry provides a way, along with a physical exam, for doctors to diagnose and monitor problems with the middle ear. It can help with diagnosing disorders that can lead to hearing loss, especially in children.

Introduction to the Physician’s Office Laboratory

Laboratory Regulations and Safety

Laboratory Safety Guidelines
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHA3404laboratory-safety-guidance.pdf

Introduction to the Physician’s Office Laboratory
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0073401951/636828/Chapter01.pdf

CLIA has criteria for performing proficiency tests
http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/clia-acceptable-test-performance-criteria.html

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)
https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/index.html?redirect=/clia/

Waived Tests
http://wwwn.cdc.gov/clia/Resources/WaivedTests/default.aspx

Test Complexities
http://wwwn.cdc.gov/CLIA/Resources/TestComplexities.aspx

Categorization of Tests
http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Categorization_of_Tests.html

Information Sheet for Clinical Laboratory Testing
https://accelerate.ucsf.edu/research/clinical-laboratory-testing

CLIA and Quality Assurance
http://www.aafp.org/practice-management/regulatory/clia/quality-assurance.html
Find out how the CLIA standards for lab quality assurance apply to your practice.

Individualized Quality Control Plan (IQCP)
http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Individualized_Quality_Control_Plan_IQCP.html

Understanding the CLIA Individualized Quality Control Plan (IQCP)
http://www.mlo-online.com/articles/201405/understanding-the-clia-individualized-quality-control-plan-iqcp.php
Medical Laboratory Observer Individualized Quality Control Plans (IQCPs) will be officially implemented January 1, 2016. They may be used for most CMS-certified current and new non-waived tests.

Basic Laboratory Equipment

Physician office laboratory
http://www.limswiki.org/index.php?title=Physician_office_laboratory

The Parts of a Microscope
http://www.microscope-microscope.org/basic/microscope-parts.htm
Each part of a microscope is identified and it’s operation explained

Parts of a Compound Microscope with Diagram and Functions
http://www.microscopemaster.com/parts-of-a-compound-microscope.html
Before exploring the parts of a compound microscope, you should probably understand that the compound microscope is more complicated than just a microscope with more than one lens.

How to use a microscope
http://www.microscope-microscope.org/basic/how-to-use-a-microscope.htm
Techniques and information covering the proper use of a microscope

How To Use A Microscope [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-w98KA8UqU
This is a How To video on the operation of a Compound Microscope.

Proper Care and Cleaning of the Microscope
http://www.jove.com/video/842/proper-care-and-cleaning-of-the-microscope
Keeping the microscope optics clean is important for high-quality imaging.

Microscope Care & Use [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkkWx5pTn8E

Laboratory centrifuge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_centrifuge

How to Use a Centrifuge [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhJNFGfsUus
Think you know how to use a centrifuge? Sure it’s pretty straight forward, but a mistake can easily be made, resulting in serious damage or even injury.

Centrifugation Process [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CYaPLIX4VM
A step by step process for using a centrifuge.

Laboratory Tests

Laboratory Tests
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/laboratorytests.html

Patient Education On Blood, Urine, and Other Lab Tests
https://labtestsonline.org/
Lab Tests Online offers patients and their caregivers up-to-date education, information, and news on blood tests, urine tests, and other clinical lab tests to help healthcare consumers better manage their care.

Patient preparation before laboratory tests
http://www.hospitalsanfernando.com/www/en/medical-articles/patient-preparation-laboratory-tests

Template Laboratory Request Form
https://extranet.who.int/lqsi/sites/default/files/attachedfiles/Template%20Laboratory%20Request%20Form_0.docx

Specimen Collection and Preparation
http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/specimen/preparation/index.php?question=1

Basics of Specimen Collection and Handling of Urine Testing
https://www.bd.com/vacutainer/labnotes/Volume14Number2/

Specimen Collection Guidelines
https://www.cdc.gov/foodborne-outbreaks/php/investigating-outbreaks/guidelines-for-specimen-collection.html

Guidelines for the Safe Transport of Infectious Substances and Diagnostic Specimens
http://www.who.int/csr/emc97_3.pdf

Sample Lab Report
https://labtestsonline.org/assets/static-pages/SampleReport.html

4 Easy Ways to Read and Understand Medical Laboratory Results
http://www.wikihow.com/Read-and-Understand-Medical-Laboratory-Results
How to Read and Understand Medical Laboratory Results. Are you often confused when you are reading your patient lab results? Do you wonder what those laboratory words and terms mean?

Deciphering Your Lab Report
https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/features/lab-report/
This article includes an interactive sample lab report that provides explanations of the elements found on a typical lab report.

Culture Collection

When and how to culture a chronic wound
http://woundcareadvisor.com/when-and-how-to-culture-a-chronic-wound-vol3-no1/
Chronic wound infections are a significant healthcare burden, contributing to increased morbidity etc.

Obtaining a Wound Culture [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53I0H5HlbAA
Learn how to correctly cleanse and obtain a wound culture before applying a new dressing.

Wound Culture: Test Sample
https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/wound-culture/tab/sample/
Describes what a bacterial wound culture detects and how the sample is collected for testing.

Throat Swab Culture: Purpose, Procedure & Results
http://www.healthline.com/health/throat-swab-culture#Overview1
A throat swab culture, or throat culture, is a test commonly used to diagnose bacterial infections in the throat. These infections can include strep throat, pneumonia, tonsillitis, whooping cough, and meningitis.

Throat Swab Collection [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bedJdXAK6F4

Throat Culture
https://labtestsonline.org/lab/photo/throat1/

Urine Collection

How should I collect and store a urine sample?
http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/how-should-i-collect-and-store-a-urine-sample.aspx?CategoryID=69&SubCategoryID=692
You should collect your urine sample in a sterile (completely clean) container and store it in a fridge in a sealed plastic bag if you can’t hand it in straight away.

Urine Specimens – an overview of collection methods, collection devices, specimen handling and transportation
http://www.specimencare.com/main.aspx?cat=711&id=6235
Urine Specimens – an overview of collection methods, collection devices, specimen handling and transportation

Random Urine Sample
https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/random-urine

Clean catch urine sample
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007487.htm

24-hour urine protein
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003622.htm

24-hour Urine Protein Test: Purpose, Procedure & Results
http://www.healthline.com/health/24-hour-urine-protein
The 24-hour urine protein test checks the function of the kidneys and detects disease. Urine samples are collected in one or more containers over a period of 24 hours.

Stool Collection

How should I collect and store a stool (faeces) sample?
http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/how-should-i-collect-and-store-a-stool-faeces-sample.aspx?CategoryID=69
You should collect your stool (faeces) sample in a clean container and store the container in a fridge in a sealed plastic bag if you can’t hand it in straight away.

CDC – DPDx – Diagnostic Procedures – Stool Specimens – Specimen Collection
http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticProcedures/stool/specimencoll.html

Stool ova and parasites exam
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003756.htm

Sputum Collection

Routine sputum culture
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003723.htm

Sputum Culture
http://www.webmd.com/lung/sputum-culture
A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that are infecting the lungs or breathing passages. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the airways leading to the lungs.

Routine Sputum Culture: Purpose, Procedure & Side Effects
http://www.healthline.com/health/routine-sputum-culture#Overview1
When you develop a respiratory tract infection or experience a lung-related disorder, a thick, mucus-like substance known as sputum is produced in the lungs. This sputum can make it hard to breathe, cause coughing, and harbor bacteria.

Sputum Culture | Definition and Patient Education
http://www.healthline.com/health/sputum-culture#Overview1
Sputum is the liquid substance that comes from your respiratory tract when you cough. It often consists of bacteria, cellular fragments, blood, and pus.

Phlebotomy

Blood Collection

Blood Collection

Phlebotomy Training and Schools
https://wetrainphlebotomists.com/

Phlebotomy – Medical Assistant Skills Video #7 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yf8QSfpGbK0

Phlebotomy tutorial for medical education
http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/PHLEB/PHLEB.html
Page contains images and text for clinical laboratory education

Blood Specimen Collection and Processing
https://www.geisingermedicallabs.com/catalog/blood_specimens.shtml
Instruction for blood specimen collection for Geisinger
Medical Laboratories

Phlebotomy: Syringe Draw Procedure [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obu_E92zcIE

Best practices in phlebotomy – WHO Guidelines on Drawing Blood
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138665/
This chapter covers all the steps recommended for safe phlebotomy and reiterates the accepted principles for blood drawing and blood collection.

Capillary Puncture [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wg-U7GlSGAk

Capillary sample
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003427.htm

Capillary sampling – WHO Guidelines on Drawing Blood
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138654/

Capillary Puncture Equipment
http://www.ccctc.k12.oh.us/downloads/chapter_10.pdf

Blood Bottles Guide
http://geekymedics.com/2014/02/20/blood-bottles-guide/
A practical guide making sense of the range of different-coloured blood bottles you’ll find on the wards, along with some handy venesection tips.

Lab Test Procedures – Performing A Capillary Puncture
https://www.akronchildrens.org/lab_test_specimen_procedures/PERFORMING_A_CAPILLARY_PUNCTURE.html

Patient Preparation For Blood Tests, Urine Tests, Lipid Profile, Semen Analysis
http://sunflowerlab.net/patient_preparation.php

Patient Preparation and Specimen Collection
http://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Davis-Lab-and-Diagnostic-Tests/425311/all/Patient_Preparation_and_Specimen_Collection

Capillary Puncture Steps [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/77648341/capillary-puncture-steps-flash-cards/

Lab Test Procedures – Performing A Venipuncture
https://www.akronchildrens.org/cms/lab_procedures/9179c8cb8f877ee3/

How to Prepare the Puncture Site Aseptically for Routine Venipuncture Procedures. [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acPQEbJwrpg
There is just one correct way to prepare a puncture site aseptically before a venipuncture procedure.

Venipuncture
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003423.htm

Routine Venipuncture Procedure
http://www.uams.edu/clinlab/venipuncture.htm

Venipuncture [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8ZsqXFqvQM
Some tips on obtaining venous blood samples.

Patient Preparation for Routine Venipuncture
http://chalab.org/manuals/phlebotomy/1.2.00.htm

The Evolution of Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes
https://www.bd.com/vacutainer/labnotes/Volume19Number1/

Blood Collection Tubes
http://www.austincc.edu/mlt/phb_tubes

Order of Draw for Evacuated Tube & Syringe Blood Collection [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/36794534/order-of-draw-for-evacuated-tube-syringe-blood-collection-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Order of Draw for Evacuated Tube & Syringe Blood Collection. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

List of Common Stoppers, Additives, and Their Laboratory Uses
http://www.ign.com/blogs/ericaxx/2012/05/05/list-of-common-stoppers-additives-and-their-laboratory-uses

Phlebotomy Tubes and Order of Draw
http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/path_handbook/appendix/new_tubes/tube_tops.html

Picture Tutorial Phlebotomy Equipment
http://www.austincc.edu/mlt/phb/phb_equipment.html

Phlebotomy Puncture Juncture: Preventing Phlebotomy Errors – Potential For Harming Your Patients
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/509098

Blood Culture Collection
https://www.vcuhealth.org/upload/docs/AboutUs/InfectionControl/BloodCultureCollection.pdf

Blood Culture Collection Steps | Blood Collection (Rx-TN) [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiqVAdZPc8A

Blood separation component unit – Removing Red Cells & Plasma from Blood Donations [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWSSq40d3pA

Plasma and Serum Preparation
https://www.lifetechnologies.com/es/en/home/references/protocols/cell-and-tissue-analysis/elisa-protocol/elisa-sample-preparation-protocols/plasma-and-serum-preparation.html

Laboratory Testing in the Physician’s Office

Urinalysis

Urinalysis
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003579.htm

Urinalysis
http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/URINE/URINE.html
Page contains images and text for pathology education

Physical Characteristics of Urine
https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/the-urinary-system-25/urine-241/physical-characteristics-of-urine-1176-5581/
Learn more about physical characteristics of urine. Urine is a sterile waste product composed of water soluble nitrogen products.

Urinalysis – The Composition of Urine.
http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Urinary/Urinary_System_Composition_Urine.php
Urinalysis – The Composition of Urine, as taught for A-Level Human Biology, ITEC Anatomy & Physiology, and as part of the basic training for some therapies, e.g. massage, aromatherapy, acupuncture, shiatsu.

Urine color
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urine-color/basics/definition/con-20032831
Urine color — Comprehensive overview covers normal urine color, causes of changes in urine color.

Urine Color, Odor, and Your Health
http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/features/the-truth-about-urine
Normal urination and what symptoms – such as unusual odor or color – can be a sign of medical conditions.

Cloudy Urine: Check Your Symptoms and Signs
http://www.medicinenet.com/cloudy_urine/symptoms.htm
Learn about the diseases and conditions that may cause cloudy urine, and read about the medications used in treatment.

Urine Colors – Cloudy Urine. Is it Dangerous? What Causes Cloudy Urine?
http://www.urinecolors.com/urine-consistency/cloudy-urine
Cloudy urine can be a sign of health issues. It is caused by blood in urine, UTI, bladder infection, kidney stones, gonorrhea and other causes.

Urine Transparency and turbidity
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/investigations/urine-transparency/
Freshly voided urine is clear and transparent. Cloudy urine may be caused by crystals, deposits, white cells, red cells, epithelial cells or fat globules. Further evaluation with centrifugation, microscopic examination, heating or with ether generally determines the casue of the turbidity

Urine Odor: Check Your Symptoms and Signs
http://www.medicinenet.com/urine_odor/symptoms.htm
Learn about the diseases and conditions that may cause urine odor, and read about the medications used in treatment. Other symptoms and signs associated with smelly urine include cloudy urine or blood in the urine.

Urine Odor: Overview, Causes & Symptoms
http://www.healthline.com/symptom/abnormal-urine-odor
Urine naturally has an odor, but it is usually not very strong smelling. Strong smelling urine is usually not a cause for concern. Sometimes, however, strong or unusual smelling urine is a sign of an underlying medical problem.Certain foods may m

Urine 24-hour volume
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003425.htm

Chemical Composition of Urine
https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/the-urinary-system-25/urine-241/chemical-composition-of-urine-1177-2149/
Learn more about chemical composition of urine. Normal urine consists of water, urea, salts, and pigments.

Reagent Strip Procedure from Chemical Screening of Urine by Reagent Strip
https://www.medialabinc.net/spg506324/reagent_strip_procedure.aspx

NEON Manual Multistix Urinalysis Procedure [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubFsVU1EIis
Nursing procedure for performing point of care CLIA-waived Multistix manual urinalysis.

Urine Tests: Normal Values – Normal Laboratory Values
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/appendixes/normal-laboratory-values/urine-tests-normal-values
Learn about Urine Tests: Normal Values symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Urine Test
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/urine-test?page=3
A urine test measures several different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidneys. A routine urine screening test may be done to help find the cause for many types of symptoms.

Urinalysis
http://www.lifelabs.com/Lifelabs_BC/Patients/MedicalConditions/Urinalysis.asp
This site provides health care professionals and patients with information about diagnostic laboratory testing and services.

Interpretation of Bedside Urinalysis
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/investigations/urinalysis/
Interpretation of Bedside Urinalysis covering bilirubinuria, ketonuria, dipstick urinalysis, hematuria, urobilinogen, pH, color and odor

Chemical Testing
http://www.texascollaborative.org/spencer_urinalysis/ds_sub2.htm

Microscopic Examination of Urine Sediment
http://www.texascollaborative.org/spencer_urinalysis/ds_sub3.htm

Urine under micrscope [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVh9xBuqbSY

Urine microscopical examination [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5-FLA-XEOI

Urinalysis Examinations: Urine Test; Urine Analysis; UA
https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urinalysis/ui-exams/start/2
A urinalysis (UA) is an array of tests performed on urine using urine test strips or light microscopy. Findings include many substances and cells, as well as other properties, such as specific gravity. Urine may be tested to determine illeghal and recreational drug use.

Urinalysis: Artifacts and Multi-Constituent Urine
http://uoitclinicalbiochemistry.weebly.com/urinalysis-artifacts-and-multi-constituent-urine.html

Pregnancy test
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003432.htm

HCG in urine
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003619.htm

Urine hCG Level Test: Purpose, Procedure & Risks
http://www.healthline.com/health/hcg-in-urine#HCGUrineTestOverview1
An hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) urine test is a pregnancy test. The hCG hormone, also called the pregnancy hormone, is produced in the placenta of a pregnant woman.

Blood Tests

Types of Blood Tests
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/bdt/types

The American Society of Hematology
http://www.hematology.org/

What is Hematology?
http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Hematology.aspx
Hematology is a branch of medicine concerning the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.

Complete Blood Count: The Test
https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/cbc/tab/test/
How the complete blood count (CBC) test is used, when the Hemogram of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets is ordered, and what the results of a CBC with Differential might mean, including anemia, infection, inflammation, bleeding disorder, or cancer.

Complete blood count (CBC)
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/complete-blood-count/basics/definition/prc-20014088
Complete blood count (CBC) — Overview covers definition, preparation, results of this common blood test.

Complete Blood Count (CBC)
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/complete-blood-count-cbc
A complete blood count (CBC) provides important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood, especially red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Complete Blood Count [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7PJrUFciec
Tests for anemia and infection

Hemoglobin
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003645.htm

Hemoglobin: The Test
https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hemoglobin/tab/test/
The hemoglobin test is ordered as a part of a general health examination or when someone has symptoms of anemia or polycythemia.

Hemoglobin test
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemoglobin-test/basics/definition/prc-20015022
Hemoglobin test — Overview covers definition, preparation, results of this blood test.

Hemoglobin Test (HGB) [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKKW9VIrgtU
This video explains what a hemoglobin test is and how it is used.

Hematocrit
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003646.htm

Hematocrit: Learn About Different Test Levels
http://www.medicinenet.com/hematocrit/article.htm
Learn about hematocrit (hct) levels in the blood. Low or high hematocrit levels may signal conditions such as anemia, bone marrow problems, dehydration, and more. Learn the significance of normal, high, and low hematocrit values.

Hematocrit: What Are Normal Blood Levels?
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hematocrit_blood_test/article_em.htm
Hematocrit blood testing is performed to determine the number of red blood cells in a person’s blood. Low or high hematocrit levels may signal disease.

MLS Hematocrit [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trOHqwOtwkg
Microhematocrit (AKA Hematocrit, crit, PCV): Significance, materials, sources of error, demonstration.

Blood smear
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003665.htm

Blood Differential Test: Purpose, Procedure & Complications
http://www.healthline.com/health/blood-differential#Uses1
A blood differential (also called a white blood cell count differential) measures the number of each of the five types of white blood cells present in your blood.

Preparing and Staining Blood Film [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBCxusLUe68
How to prepare and stain a blood film.

Blood smear technique [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3d_4dkVVSE

Blood Chemistry Screen – Blood Tests
http://www.healthcommunities.com/blood-tests/blood-chemistry-screen.shtml
Offers information about blood chemistry screen, its purpose, who performs the test, some special concerns, things to follow before and after the procedure, what you will experience during the test, several risk and complications, and its results.

Chemistry Screen
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/chemistry-screen
A chemistry screen is a blood test that measures the levels of several areas or parts of the blood (such as electrolytes).

Comprehensive metabolic panel
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003468.htm

Cholesterol testing and results
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm

Tests for High Cholesterol (Lipid Panel)
http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/tests-for-high-cholesterol-lipid-panel
Explains the tests used to diagnose high cholesterol, including a total cholesterol test, lipoprotein analysis, lipid panel, and LDL test.

Cholesterol Tests: Get Facts on Fasting and Test Results
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/cholesterol_tests/article_em.htm
Learn about cholesterol tests and testing. Preparation for the procedure, risks, and results.

Blood sugar test – blood
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003482.htm

Glucose Tests: The Test
https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/glucose/tab/test/
Describes how glucose tests are used, when glucose tests are ordered, and what the results of a glucose test might mean.

Blood Glucose
http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/blood-glucose
A blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in your blood. Glucose comes from carbohydrate foods.

Medical Laboratory Technician Exam Study Guide – Glucose Tolerance Test [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51CN5G_nwdk

CMV serology test
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003546.htm

Serology: Purpose, Results & Aftercare
http://www.healthline.com/health/serology#Overview1
Serologic tests can involve a number of laboratory techniques. Different types of serologic tests can be used to diagnose various health issues. Tests have one thing in common: they all focus on proteins made by the body’s immune system.

Laboratory Tests Interpretation
http://www.nurseslearning.com/courses/nrp/labtest/course/section7/index.htm

Serology and Immunohematology [SLIDESHOW]
http://www.powershow.com/view/11d988-NTU2N/Serology_and_Immunohematology_ [SLIDESHOW]_ppt_presentation

Processing Blood Cultures in the Laboratory [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZoIZkna4vo
The use of blood cultures by a diagnositc microbiology for investigation of suspected cases of septicaemia or endocarditis.

Microbiology : Specimen collection details
http://www.rch.org.au/microbiology/specimen_collection_details/

Bacterial Smears And Simple Stain
http://www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/labs/rome/bacterial_smears_and_stains.htm

How to make a bacterial smear [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TmyxFvo9x4

Gram Stain | Definition and Patient Education
http://www.healthline.com/health/gram-stain#Overview1
A gram stain is a type of microbiology test that determines if bacteria are present. It also determines whether bacteria are gram negative or gram positive.

Gram Stain: The Test | Gram Stain Test: Gram’s Stain
https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/gram-stain/tab/test/
A Gram stain and culture are the most commonly performed microbiology tests used to identify the cause of a bacterial infection, allowing doctors to prescribe an appropriate antibiotic. Fungi, including yeast, may also be detected with a Gram stain.

Microbiology: Gram Stain [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Bnak_ITqck

Understanding Medications

Pharmacology

What is Pharmacology?
http://pharmacology.uthscsa.edu/graduate/whatis_pharmTrack.asp

Introduction To Pharmacology
http://biochemistry2.ucsf.edu/programs/ptf/prologue%20links/Intro%20Pharmacology.pdf

Drug Names Generic and Brand
https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/drug-names-generic-and-brand

Generic drugs vs brand name drugs
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=46204
Are generic drugs just as good as brand name drugs?

Drug Name Confusion: Preventing Medication Errors – Medications: Prescription Drugs and Over the Counter Drugs
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53208
Drug information on prescription and over the counter medications includes drug interactions, uses, side effects, and drug dosing.

Overview of Generic Drugs and Drug Naming – Brand Name and Generic Drugs
https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/drugs/brand-name-and-generic-drugs/overview-of-generic-drugs-and-drug-naming
Learn about Overview of Generic Drugs and Drug Naming symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Sources of Drugs
http://howmed.net/pharmacology/sources-of-drugs/

Drug Action – Drug Dynamics
https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/drugs/drug-dynamics/drug-action
Learn about Drug Action symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Introduction to Drug Action
http://elmhcx9.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/650drugs.html

Pharmacodynamics (Mechanisn of drug action) [SLIDESHOW]
http://www.slideshare.net/drdhriti/pharmacodynamics-mechanisn-of-drug-action
A power point presentation on Pharmacodynamics (what drug does to the body) suitable for undergraduate medical students beginning to study Pharmacology

Drug Dosage
http://www.drugs.com/dosage/
Comprehensive drug dosage information for over 5,000 drugs and medications.

How to calculate drug dosage accurately
http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/specialisms/prescribing/how-to-calculate-drug-dosage-accurately-advice-for-nurses/199884.article
The lack of basic maths skills can be a major problem when it comes to nurses administering drugs to patients. Calculations are still a significant source of drug error.

Master List of Prescription Abbreviations
http://www.everypatientsadvocate.com/columns/prescriptionabbreviations.pdf

Prescription Abbreviations
http://www.d.umn.edu/medweb/Modules/Prescription/Abbreviations.html

Dosage Form
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/FormsSubmissionRequirements/ElectronicSubmissions/DataStandardsManualmonographs/ucm071666.htm

Drug Dosage Terminology [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/11054102/drug-dosage-terminology-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Drug Dosage Terminology. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Drug dosage terms [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/30964139/drug-dosage-terms-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Drug dosage terms. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Pharmacy Technician Schools
http://pharmacistschools.org/
All kinds of learning resources for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.

Drug Legislation

U.S. Food and Drug Administration
http://www.fda.gov/
Home Page for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Controlled Substances Act
http://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm

The Controlled Substances Act (CSA): Overview
http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-charges/controlled-substances-act-csa-overview.html
Overview of the Controlled Substances Act and the schedules it creates for different classes of drugs.

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
http://www.dea.gov/

DEA / Drug Scheduling
http://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml
Inside the DEA, DEA Programs, Drug Prevention

Occupational Health & Safety – Managing Your Inventory
http://www.uab.edu/ohs/controlled-substances/cs-managing-inventory

Controlled Substance Ordering System Homepage
http://www.deaecom.gov/
DEA Web site for the Controlled Substance Ordering System (CSOS)

USP-NF Online Login
http://www.uspnf.com/uspnf/login

Drug Facts and Comparisons
http://online.factsandcomparisons.com/login.aspx?url=/index.aspx&qs=

Physicians’ Desk Reference
http://www.pdr.net/

Drug Administration

Administration of Medication | Definition and Patient Education
http://www.healthline.com/health/administration-of-medication

8 rights of medication administration
http://www.nursingcenter.com/Blog/post/2011/05/27/8-rights-of-medication-administration.aspx

The 7 rights of medication administration [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/65717709/nsg-1101-the-7-rights-of-medication-administration-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for 7 rights of medication administration. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Medication Administration Safety – Patient Safety and Quality
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2656/

Drug Calculations
https://www.nursingcenter.com/ncblog/july-2021/drug-calculations-universal-formula
A business providing a variety of services including teaching CPR, Consulting for health care settings on various education and practice issues, LNC work, publishing and review work.

Learn Dosage Calculations
http://www.dosagehelp.com/
Learn dosage calculations with this free tutorial complete with explanations, examples, and practice questions.

Drug Dose Calculations
http://www.davesems.com/files/drug_dose_calculations.pdf

Dosage Calculations – Unit Conversion
http://www.dosagehelp.com/units.html

Pediatric Dosage Calculations
http://www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109514/all/Pediatric_Dosage_Calculations

Learn Dosage Calculations – Dosage By Weight Questions
http://www.dosagehelp.com/dosage_by_weight.html

General Recommendations on Immunization
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr4301.pdf

Vaccinations for Adults and Adolescents: Facts on Timing
http://www.medicinenet.com/immunizations/article.htm
Read the vaccination schedule for adults and teens, and learn about recommended immunizations for MMR, HPV, Td/Tdap, varicella, tetanus, shingles, hepatitis, and typhoid.

Vaccinate Your Baby : Importance of Timing
http://www.vaccinateyourbaby.org/about/importance.cfm

Vaccines
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html
Vaccine Administration Guidelines

Vaccine Administration: Making the Process More Efficient in Your Practice
http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2007/0300/p48.html
The author describes how to optimize the office processes to improve rates of immunization and cost-effectiveness.

Immunization Techniques Training [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEMREaOrfRE
Immunization Techniques training from the state of CA official video. Helpful for training and keeping staff up to date. Also available online for free.

Drug Forms

Dosage Forms / Routes of Administration
http://www.pharmacy-tech-study.com/dosage-forms.html
Drug dosage forms and descriptions. Basics about various medication routes of administration. Includes enteral, parenteral, transdermal, inhalation and more.

Route of Administration
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/FormsSubmissionRequirements/ElectronicSubmissions/DataStandardsManualmonographs/ucm071667.htm

Guideline for medication administration: Forms of Medication [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUFEoQdC2xE

Liquid Dosage Form
http://www.slideshare.net/phmosarrof/ldf-new
LDF,Liquid Dosage Form,Dosage form

Dosage forms and route of drug administration
http://www.slideshare.net/fagooson/i-4-dosage-forms-and-route-of-drug-administration

How to Use Transdermal Patches
http://www.safemedication.com/safemed/MedicationTipsTools/HowtoAdminister/How-to-Use-Transdermal-Patches

Transdermal drug delivery
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700785/

How to Use Rectal Suppositories Properly
http://www.safemedication.com/safemed/MedicationTipsTools/HowtoAdminister/HowtoUseRectalSuppositoriesProperly

How to Use Eye Ointments and Gels Properly
http://www.safemedication.com/safemed/MedicationTipsTools/HowtoAdminister/HowtoUseEyeOintmentsandGelsProperly.aspx

A Guide to Topical Pain Medications
http://www.everydayhealth.com/pain-management/topicals.aspx
Not all pain relievers are taken by mouth. Learn about topical therapy for pain relief, medications applied to the skin in cream, spray, or patch form.

4 Benefits of Topical Pain Relief Compared To Oral Medications
http://www.rxcompound.com/news/topical-pain-relief-vs-oral-medications/
For those suffering from chronic pain, we take a look at the benefits of using a topical pain relief versus an oral pain reliever.

Drug Classifications

Drug Classification & Categories
http://www.drugs.com/drug-classes.html
Search or browse a complete list of drugs marketed in the U.S. organized by class or chemical type.

Drug classifications
http://www.slideshare.net/jjoneslocklear/drug-classifications-9283867

Drug Reactions
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/drugreactions.html

Prescription Drug Side Effects – Serious & Common Adverse Reactions
http://www.drugwatch.com/side-effects/
Prescription drugs are supposed to safely treat medical conditions, but they can cause serious side effects and even death.

Adverse Drug Reactions – Adverse Drug Reactions
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/clinical-pharmacology/adverse-drug-reactions/adverse-drug-reactions
Learn about Adverse Drug Reactions symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Drug Toxicity: Overview
http://www.freemd.com/drug-toxicity/overview.htm

Drug Interactions Checker – For Drugs, Food & Alcohol
http://www.drugs.com/drug_interactions.html
Check for multi-drug interactions including alcohol, food, supplements & diseases. Includes detailed reports for both patients and health professionals.

Contraindication
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002314.htm

Prescriptions

Example Prescriptions – Prescription Writing 101
http://medicalschoolhq.net/prescription-writing-101/
Writing prescriptions is a skill that isn’t covered well in medical school. Learn the do’s and do nots here to help you avoid common medication errors.

Guide to Good Prescribing – A Practical Manual
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jwhozip23e/5.4.html

PLR Requirements for Prescribing Information
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/LawsActsandRules/ucm084159.htm

How to write prescriptions clearly and concisely
http://www.healio.com/optometry/therapeutics/news/print/primary-care-optometry-news/%7B5e90a3bb-292f-404a-9e61-71553ee6edd9%7D/how-to-write-prescriptions-clearly-and-concisely

Electronic prescribing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_prescribing

E-Prescribing
https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/E-Health/Eprescribing/index.html?redirect=/eprescribing

Prescription Drug Coverage – General Information
https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Prescription-Drug-Coverage/PrescriptionDrugCovGenIn/index.html

Electronic Prescribing

My Medicine Record
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/ReportsManualsForms/Forms/UCM095018.pdf

My Personal Medication Record
http://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-supplements/info-2007/my_personal_medication_record.html
The best way to track medications and help your doctor and pharmacist is to create a Personal Medication Record. Follow these tips.

Administering Medications

Oral Administration

How To Administer Oral Medications
http://www.slideshare.net/ncraig/how-to-administer-oral-medications-presentation
Step by step administration of oral medications

Administering Oral Medications
http://www.atitesting.com/ati_next_gen/skillsmodules/content/Medication-Administration-2/viewing/Administering_oral_medications.html

Oral dosage forms advantages, disadvantages, and classification
http://medicapharm.com/oral-dosage-forms/
Among different choices, oral dosage forms are usually the most convenient choice. As known worldwide, taking a medicine via oral route has many advantages.

Oral Medications
http://www.atitesting.com/ati_next_gen/skillsmodules/content/Medication-Administration-2/equipment/oral.html

Do Not Crush!
http://www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109642/all/Do_Not_Crush_

Topical Administration

Cream (pharmaceutical)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream_%28pharmaceutical%29

Topical medications
http://www.atitesting.com/ati_next_gen/skillsmodules/content/Medication-Administration-2/equipment/topical.html

Topical Application of Medication to Skin [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AaSGXLDwIQ
Video on proper application of medication on skin

Training Video For Application of Transdermal Patches [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7Vwj3MsYEU

Vaginal and Rectal Administration

How to Use Suppositories [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEYheg3AEWY

How to Use A Vaginal applicator.m4v [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjxpZ8jX9Y4
This video will teach you how to use a vaginal applicator and explain storage and insertion techniques.

How to Use Vaginal Tablets, Suppositories, and Creams
http://www.safemedication.com/safemed/MedicationTipsTools/HowtoAdminister/How-to-Use-Vaginal-Tablets-Suppositories-and-Creams

Inhalation

How to use a nebulizer
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000006.htm

How to use a nebulizer [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrFBgzha2QQ

How to Use a Nebulizer : How to Use Nebulizer Mask With a Child [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCALJSjGZNc
Learn how to use a nebulizer mask with a child patient with expert medical tips in this free vaporized medicine video clip.

How to Use a Nebulizer : How to Get Nebulizer Ready to Use [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAiFjyiNiNw
Learn how to set up a nebulizer for use including plugging it in and how to attach the hosing.

Tips & Advice – General Nebulizer Information
http://justnebulizers.com/general-nebulizer-information/

Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) and Dry Powder Inhalers (DPI) for COPD
http://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/metered-dose-inhalers-mdis-how-use-one-when-you-have-copd
Metered dose inhalers (MDI) and dry powder inhalers (DPI) help you get the right amount of COPD medication when and where you need it.

How to Use a Metered Dose Inhaler
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/medicaldevices/hic_How_to_Use_a_Metered_Dose_Inhaler

How to use Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHYTz-ZoRLw

Video: Using a metered dose asthma inhaler and spacer
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/multimedia/asthma/vid-20084650
Watch this video to see how to use a metered dose asthma inhaler and spacer.

Parenteral administration

Basic Guidelines for Parenteral Medication Administration
http://www.austincc.edu/adnlev1/rnsgskills2online/parenteral/guidelines.htm

Parenteral Medication Part 1 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5nLbqPA3-w

Parenteral Medication Part 2 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvF4Ka0GXMU

Parental Medication Part 3 [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqufZk1ALyA

Parenteral Medication Administration [FLASHCARDS]
https://quizlet.com/9909917/parenteral-medication-administration-flash-cards/
Vocabulary words for Parenteral Medication Administration. Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

Drawing medicine out of a vial
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000530.htm

Withdrawing Medications from Ampule [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vs8nuO8N4Fs

How to Break an Ampoule Glass Safely [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-2mjsKHcqY

Preparing Pre-filled Medication Cartridge Syringes [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6kiaspfdc0

Does Needle Size Matter?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769648/

Handling Syringe and Needle [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yjsV4akL8A

Reading Syringes [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4Y2qE4ZgvE

Needle Sizes & Gauges [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIGXA_kTO00

Needlestick Prevention Training Video [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTrERObHwaM
Highlighting the five most frequent needlestick scenarios, this training video instructs frontline healthcare staff on on how to avoid needlesticks.

Needle Stick Injury Policy & Procedure [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMWg52nrdBs
This video looks into the statistics and common reasons why nurses experience needle stick injuries.

Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2000-108/

Preventing Needlesticks and Sharps Injuries
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/newsroom/feature/needlestick_disposal.html

Injections, Types of Injection, List of Injections, Injection Manufacturers
http://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/pharmaceutical-drugs/injections.html
Information on Injections, Types of Injection, Intradermal Injections, Intramuscular Injections, Subcutaneous Injections, List of Injections.

Intradermal injections
http://www.novosanis.com/healthcare/intradermal-injection
Vaccines can be administered via the intradermal route, i.e. injection in the dermis, one of the layers of the skin (cfr picture). This layer, underneath the epidermis, is highly vascularized and contains a large amount of immune cells, mainly dermal dendritic cells.

How To Give A Subcutaneous Injection
http://www.drugs.com/cg/how-to-give-a-subcutaneous-injection.html
A detailed guide to administering subcutaneous injections in a safe and effective way.

Subcutaneous injection
http://www.novosanis.com/healthcare/subcutaneous-injection
Subcuteanous injection or injection in the fat layer (hypodermis), one of the layers of the skin (cfr picture) is commonly used for injections of insulin by diabetic patients (type I diabetes). However, next to insulin, also vaccines can be administered subcutanously in fatty tissue.
Find out more

Intramuscular injection
http://www.novosanis.com/healthcare/intramuscular-injection
The majority of vaccines are administered in the muscle, i.e. intramuscular vaccination. The muscle is located underneath the hypodermis, i.e. the fat layer of the skin (see picture). Intramuscular injection is the most commonly used route of administration of vaccines.
Find out more.

Z-Track Injection | Definition and Patient Education
http://www.healthline.com/health/z-track-injection
Intramuscular injection (IM) is when a medication is injected directly into muscle. The Z-track method of IM is used to prevent tracking of the medication.

Z-Track Administration Technique [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GqUFFz9Ou4

Basic Intravenous Therapy
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/root/sbworddocs/proceed_nursing/Revised_web_IV_therapy.ppt

IV Therapy Technique [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EC-h3F_6jFk

Intravenous Medication Administration
http://www.healthline.com/health/intravenous-medication-administration
Intravenous means “into the vein”. Intravenous medication administration occurs when medication is administered through a needle inserted into a vein.

Intravenous Therapy Teaching Video [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTZCUudzx8Q
A quick way to learn Intravenous therapy. Learn intravenous therapy in 7 minutes!

Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg174

A guide to intravenous fluids (IV) [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pln-x9YKnK0

Intravenous Fluids Made Easy [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsn9smge83U
Discussion about the concepts behind intravenous fluids, the types of IV fluids, and what situations to use them in.

Intravenous Fluid Regulation | Definition and Patient Education
http://www.healthline.com/health/intravenous-fluid-regulation
When you have fluids administered by an intravenous (IV) line, the amount of fluids going into your body must be regulated. There are different ways to regulate the flow in an IV, including manually adjusting the rate and using an electric pump.

IV Fluid Administration [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmyAksAo0RY
Utah Valley University IV fluid, administration and calculations video for students.

Minor Office Surgery

Before Surgery

Medical Assistant Training – Prepare for Minor Surgical Procedures [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ggM1sTpYaM
Describes the pre-procedure considerations for Prepare for Minor Surgical Procedures.

Medical Assistant Training Perform Skin Prep for Minor Surgical Procedures [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IioLp6ApaZc
Understand the purpose and importance of pre-surgery skin preparation.

Clincial Skills for the MA – Preparing the Skin for a Surgical Procedure [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFHL5kffe8M

Informed Consent: An Ethical Obligation or Legal Compulsion?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840885/

Sample Consent for Surgery Form
https://www.smh.com/forPhysicians/physicianOfficeManager/023117_Consent_for_Surgery_01-09.pdf

Surgical Asepsis

Surgical Asepsis [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-INnzmMxkPk

How to donn sterile surgical gloves & gown in operating room – Donning Gloves[VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-rmynENGaA
Donning Gloves: A video tutorial demonstrating how to donn sterile surgical gloves and gowns in preparation for surgery.

Principles of Surgical Asepsis [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmHpnDYzWDs

Surgical Asepsis
http://atitesting.com/ati_next_gen/skillsmodules/content/surgical-asepsis/equipment.html

Surgical Asepsis Notes
http://www.austincc.edu/adnlev1/rnsg1413skillslab/sterile_technique/notes_surg_asepsis.htm

How To Perform Surgical Hand Scrubs
http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/2001/05/how-to-perform-surgical-hand-scrubs.aspx

Surgical hand preparation: state-of-the-art – WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK144036/

How to – Surgical Hand Scrubbing- Step by Step [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6E92fGgdH4
This video demonstrates step by step, how to scrub your hands before surgery.

Surgical Site Infection: Pathogenesis and Prevention
http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/448981_4

Preventing Surgical Site Infections
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/723601_4

Gowning and gloving [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VY7tgbbg6-E

Pictures of Surgical Instruments
http://www.surgical-instrument-pictures.com/

Basic Surgical Instruments [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1G5d_33q4Y

Surgical Instruments

Basic Surgery Instruments & Handling [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pI1gVTL07rY

2. 1. Surgical Instruments: Scalpel & Blades [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLxTJXvMhGs

2 2 Surgical Instruments Tissue Scissors [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMRo1V7wcGw

2. 3. Surgical Instruments: Forceps [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9NdeSjjYno

2. 4. Surgical Instruments: Hooks [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvXHZqTmjuA

2. 5. Surgical Instruments: Retractor [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcQhRXhiRdI

2 6 Surgical Instruments Needle Holder Driver [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XBh2oeF5cg

2. 7. Surgical Instruments: Hemostat/Clamp [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JylaL82052s

2. 8. Surgical Instruments: Suction [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUuLwNRzm6Q

2 9 Surgical Instruments Cautery [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjo_Hk5NE8o

2. 10. Surgical Instruments: Suture Scissors [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8As117109-c

Basic Instrumentation- Introduction to Surgical Technology
http://www.slideshare.net/ambermitchell16568/basic-instrumentation-introduction-to-surgical-technology

Assisting with Minor Office Surgery

Assisting With Minor Surgery
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073520837/student_view0/chapter41/index.html

Medical Assistant Training: Assist with Minor Surgical Procedure [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCea86wSfZ0

Handling of surgical instruments
http://www.slideshare.net/ahmadfsulong/handling-of-surgical-instruments

Nursing the Nurse: Hand Signals for Nurses in the Operating Room
http://nursing-the-nurse.blogspot.com.es/2010/03/hand-signals-in-operating-room.html

Common Surgical Procedures
http://www.uchospitals.edu/online-library/content=P01392
Detailed information on the most common surgical procedures, including appendectomy, breast biopsy, carotid endarterectomy, cataract surgery, cesarean section, cholecystectomy, coronary artery bypass surgery, debridement of wound, dilation and curettage etc.

Office-Based Surgical and Medical Procedures
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527870/

Outpatient Surgery: Learn About Procedures and Recovery
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/outpatient_surgery/article_em.htm
Outpatient surgery allows a person to return home on the same day that a surgical procedure is performed.

Surface and Medical Instrument Decontamination [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZSX_xOllio
Concise and easy-to-follow, it covers the importance of preventing infections through proper storage, cleaning, sterilization, reuse, and disposal.

Wound Care

Wound Healing [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZpMQ_7qiRg

How a wound heals itself [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLVwELDMDWs

How do scars form? [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucRMDdw82yw

Wounds (Care): Click for First Aid and Types of Wounds
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/wound_care/article_em.htm
Wounds and wound care types, causes, symptoms, and treatment options depend on the type and timing of a wound. Superficial wounds can generally be treated at home.

Wound Care: Your Essential First Aid Care Guide to Cuts, Scrapes, and Burns
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/wound-care-10/
Provides comprehensive, interactive, and personalized information about taking care of wounds, including cuts, scrapes, burns, and surgical wounds.

Wound Care Treatment & Management
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/194018-treatment

Wound Care Changing a Dressing [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIIPoKsyHss

Example sterile dressing change [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcaNme1vDro
This is another example of how to set up the field and change the sterile dressing.

Sterile Dressing change with sterile gloves [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJtIcBZCYg

Different Types of Wounds
http://www.woundcarecenters.org/article/wound-basics/different-types-of-wounds
Most common wounds are superficial, limited to the outer skin layers, while some reach the deeper tissues and organs. Depending on the cause, site and depth, a wound can range from simple to life threatening.

Types of Wounds
http://www.medstudentlc.com/page.php?id=65

Wound Closure Technique
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1836438-overview

Wound Closure
http://www.woundcarecenters.org/article/wound-therapies/wound-closure
Wound closure is typically done with sutures (stitches) using thread or staples, depending on the type and location of a wound.

Suturing Techniques
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1824895-overview

Surgical Suture Guide
http://www.surgical-instrument-pictures.com/suture.html

8 Common Suture Techniques for Skin Closure [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZWUgKiBxfk

How to Close a Wound in Seconds With Surgical Staples [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzpswG7UXME

Staple Insertion and Removal [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ntsQXbv0_Y
Demonstration of staple insertion and removal technique for laceration repair or wound closure in the operating room.

Suturing and Wound Closure, Part 2: Staples, Tissue Adhesive, and Other Methods of Wound Closure
http://www.consultant360.com/content/suturing-and-wound-closure-part-2-staples-tissue-adhesive-and-other-methods-wound-closure

Easy Way of Gluing the Skin of Surgical Wounds
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/705223

Skin Closure Strips
http://www.firstaidguide.net/skin-closure-strips/

Steri-Strips™ Skin Closure Application[VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5m0CYCt59E

Sterile Dressing Change Procedure [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vYZ-N72kjk

Wound exudate types
http://woundcareadvisor.com/wound-exudate-types/
What exactly is wound exudate? Also known as drainage, exudate is a liquid produced by the body.

Exploring the Various Types of Wound Drainage; Exploring the Various Types of Wound Drainage
http://www.advancedtissue.com/exploring-various-types-wound-drainage/
It’s important to know the various categories of wound drainage so you can discuss the proper wound healing plan with your clinician.

How to Clean a Skin Wound
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/how-to-clean-a-skin-wound

Surgical wound care – open
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm

Basic First Aid and Medical Office Emergencies

Situations Requiring First Aid

First Aid Guide and Emergency Treatment Instructions
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/
Learn basic first aid information and treatment procedures and instruction, first aid kits, and more.

First Aid in General Practice.
http://patient.info/doctor/first-aid-in-general-practice
First Aid in General Practice covers severe bleeding, seizures etc. Understand simple First Aid in General Practice and complex First Aid in General Practice

First Aid Learning Center
http://www.healthline.com/health/first-aid
Would you know what to do if someone suddenly became injured or sick? Learn how to prepare for injuries, illnesses or emergencies.

Incident Reporting

OSHA’s Recordkeeping Page
https://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/

Instructions for Incident Reports [SAMPLE]
http://www.nnoha.org/nnoha-content/uploads/2013/08/Providers-Incident-Form.pdf

Office Emergencies

Medical Emergency Preparedness in Office Practice
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0601/p1679.html

Dealing with office emergencies
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2214108/pdf/12371305.pdf

Preparing for a Medical Office Emergency or Disaster
http://www.mgma.com/about/about-mgma-medical-group-management/about-center-for-research/preparing-for-a-medical-office-emergency-or-disaster
Medical emergencies and disasters strike communities and medical group practices across the United States every year. The MGMA Center for Research collaborated with the Idaho Bioterrorism Awareness and Preparedness Program (IBAPP) to develop free materials you can use to prepare your medical practice for the worst.

Fainting Treatment: First Aid Information for Fainting
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/fainting-treatment

The Patient With Chest Pain
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/557161

What to Do When Your Patient Has Chest Pain
http://www.ausmed.com.au/blog/entry/patients-with-chest-pain
Regardless of whether your patient is 45 or 85 years old, when they report chest pain it usually makes a nurse feel nervous.

Stroke: Treatment & Care
http://www.webmd.com/stroke/guide/stroke-treatment-care
Everyone who has had a stroke — or who is at risk of stroke — needs to know about stroke treatment and care. These links take you to that information.

First aid guide for stroke
https://www.stjohn.org.nz/First-Aid/First-Aid-Library/Stroke/
A stroke is a condition in which part of the brain is affected by an interruption to the normal blood supply. Find out first aid advice on what to do when someone has experienced a stroke.

How to Treat Someone Having a Stroke [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrN0j6odPVo

Shock Symptoms and First Aid
http://www.sja.org.uk/sja/first-aid-advice/heart/shock.aspx
Get first aid tips and information from St John Ambulance about shock. Find out about symptoms and treatment for someone suffering from shock.

Shock Treatment: First Aid Information for Shock
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/shock-treatment

Epileptic Seizure First Aid: What to Do When Someone Has a Seizure
http://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/guide/first-aid-seizures

10 first aid steps when someone has a convulsive seizure
http://www.epilepsysociety.org.uk/10-first-aid-steps-when-someone-has-convulsive-seizure#.VXgGuEbePd4

Seizure First Aid
http://www.epilepsy.com/get-help/seizure-first-aid
What should I do if I have a seizure? What should I do if I see someone else have a seizure? These are the two most common questions for people living with epilepsy. Nothing is more difficult than feeling helpless when a seizure occurs.

Severe bleeding: First aid
http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661

How to Stop Bleeding
http://www.healthline.com/health/first-aid/stopping-bleeding#Overview1
When your skin is cut or scraped, you begin to bleed. Bleeding serves a useful purpose because it helps to clean out a wound. But too much bleeding can cause shock.

Nosebleeds Treatment: First Aid Information for Nosebleeds
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/nosebleeds-treatment

First aid guide on how to treat burns
http://www.stjohn.org.nz/first-aid/first-aid-library/burns/
Contact with any source of heat can cause a burn or scald injury. Learn the first aid skills to assist in a burns emergency

ABC of burns: First aid and treatment of minor burns
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC428524/

First Aid for Burns that are Major/Severe
http://www.firstaidanywhere.com/first-aid-for-burns.html

How the Body Responds to Blood Loss [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0P4gy9X-ac

Chemical burns: First aid
http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chemical-burns/basics/art-20056667

Heatstroke: First aid
http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-heatstroke/basics/art-20056655

Hypothermia Treatment: First Aid Information for Hypothermia
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/hypothermia-treatment
Learn first aid steps for treating hypothermia, a condition in which the body’s temperature drops because of exposure to extreme cold.

St John guide to treatment for fractures and dislocations
http://www.stjohn.org.nz/first-aid/first-aid-library/fractures-and-dislocations/
Dislocation is where a bone has been displaced from its normal position at a joint. A fracture is when a bone has been broken. Read about how to give first aid treatment to someone with a fracture or dislocation.

Emergency Medical Care : How to Treat an Open Fracture During First Aid [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIFcIjnIsMo
When dealing with an open fracture, the first consideration is to control the bleeding, after which the site can be wrapped without cutting off circulation.

First Aid for Broken Bones [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVPhOFhb7_Y
Apollo Hospitals presents to you a walk through video on the precautions to be taken during incidents of fractures and advice on the same.

How To Manage A Dislocated Shoulder (First Aid)
http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-manage-a-dislocated-shoulder
A dislocated shoulder needs to be tended to quickly to alleviate as much pain as possible. With the help of this guide from first aid trainer Clive James from St John Ambulance, you will learn how to manage a dislocated shoulder.

How To Manage A Dislocated Knee (First Aid)
http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-manage-a-dislocated-knee
A dislocated knee needs immediate but gentle support to alleviate pain. In this guide, first aid trainer Clive James from St John Ambulance shows you how to manage a dislocated knee. First Aid.

Sprain: First aid
http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-sprain/basics/art-20056622
How to administer first aid for a sprain.

Sprains and Strains Treatment: First Aid Information for Sprains and Strains
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/sprains-and-strains-treatment

First Aid Treatment for Poisoning [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKdBy-EgP_E
First Aid Treatment for Poisoning. Part of the series: First Aid Basics. When treating any kind of poisoning, the best first aid procedure is to call 9-1-1.

Poisoning first aid
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007579.htm

Inhaled Poison [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMxR0GJe1Rc

First aid – Bites and stings [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE5KA6Tb_jU
Most insect bites and stings are not poisonous and come from mosquitoes, flies, fleas, spiders, ticks, wasps, bees and beetles.

First aid guide for diabetic emergencies
https://www.stjohn.org.nz/first-aid/first-aid-library/diabetes/
Diabetes is a medical condition in which there is little or no insulin production in the pancreas. The result is an inability to process carbohydrates, fats and proteins correctly. view the first aid skills for an emergency diabetics situation.

Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) Treatment: First Aid Information for Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia)
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia-treatment
Emergency steps for treating low blood sugar that may not be caused by diabetes.

Choking: First aid
http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/art-20056637

Choking Treatment: First Aid Information for Choking
http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/choking-treatment

How to Treat an Unconscious Choking Victim [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2Wc-qFo1Ow

How to do the Heimlich Maneuver [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uZwh_AcvRg

First Aid Training – Choking – Adult & Child [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwJlZnu05Cw

Basic Life Support

CPR illustrated in three simple steps
http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/quickcpr.html

American CPR Training [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQWM2dDrYRbWSseKZya17fw

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid
http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600

Hands-Only CPR Demo Video [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8iU3Mtblho
Watch and learn the simple steps in this new 60-second demo video to help save a life with Hands-Only CPR.

2010 Guidelines for CPR [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9T25SMyz3A

What Is an Automated External Defibrillator?
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/aed

Automated External Defibrillators: How to Use Them
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/automated_external_defibrillators_aed/article_em.htm
Read about automated external defibrillators. How and when to use them to save the life of a person in cardiac arrest or having a heart attack.

AED Training Video: Adult New guidelines 2010 CPR Automated External Defibrillator How to video [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3trpw_We0UQ
This easy to follow video walks you through the proper steps to properly operate and AED on and Adult victim following the latest 2010 C-A-B-D Guidelines.

How to Use an Automated External Defibrillator [VIDEO]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9evgNUj_wU

First Aid Resources
http://www.alscofirstaid.com.au/first-aid-resources/

Disaster Preparedness

Ready.gov
http://www.ready.gov/

Emergency Preparedness | Prepare for a Disaster
http://www.redcross.org/prepare
The American Red Cross provides emergency preparedness information, videos and tips on how to prepare for a disaster or an emergency.

Medical Emergency Preparedness in Office Practice
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0601/p1679.html

Medical Office Preparedness Planner
http://www.cdc.gov/phpr/healthcare/documents/Medical__Office_Preparedness_Planner.PDF

Model Disaster Plan For A Physician Practice
https://www.kyma.org/uploads/file/Patient_Safety/Physicians/Disaster_Plan.pdf